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    <title>EconStor Collection:</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/50909</link>
    <description />
    <pubDate>Tue, 28 Apr 2026 10:08:02 GMT</pubDate>
    <dc:date>2026-04-28T10:08:02Z</dc:date>
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      <title>Science in formerly socialist countries: Asset or liability within new societal conditions?</title>
      <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/50918</link>
      <description>Title: Science in formerly socialist countries: Asset or liability within new societal conditions?
Authors: Meske, Werner
Abstract: Knowledge and learning are seen as key success factors for international competitiveness and economic growth in contemporary societies and have been placed at the top of the policy agenda in many countries. But actual developments in former socialist countries of Europe and Asia have totally run counter to such aims in the last decade. Science and technology (S&amp;T) in the transformation countries have undergone major changes on all planes, as simultaneously institutional corrections within the S&amp;T system have taken place and the systemic changeover in the political and economic fields has also effected major changes to the size, structure and content of the domestic demand for scientific results and services, and in addition to that, the international opening-up to high-tech imports and other forms of technology transfer has further minimised the need for domestic R&amp;D.  Despite big shifts in the spectrum of scientific activities, only partial devaluation of knowledge and skills has taken place, and experience in research has actually proved invaluable in coping with new tasks inside and outside of scientific institutes. But, the inherited institutional preconditions in science and research, along with individual knowledge and levels of educational attainment are not assets and advantages in and of themselves. They must constantly be seen in relation to the overall societal framework. Indeed, the problem seems to be one of how to employ, change and utilise the personnel and other capacities inherited from the socialist era, with the abilities, skills, experiences etc. that it has, in such a way that it is able to meet the new demands, to cope with the challenges and to act as an asset under conditions of globalisation.</description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 01 Jan 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">https://hdl.handle.net/10419/50918</guid>
      <dc:date>2002-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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      <title>Vietnam's research and development system in the 1990s: Structural and functional change. Research report</title>
      <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/50920</link>
      <description>Title: Vietnam's research and development system in the 1990s: Structural and functional change. Research report
Editors: Meske, Werner; Thinh, Dang Duy
Abstract: Under the ca. 15 years of doi moi (renovation) policy, Vietnam's development has been taking place in the two different but overlapping contexts of transformation and swift economic development. These contexts correspond to two different scenarios for the country's future: One scenario of transformation is the Eastern European pattern; the other is the Tiger Scenario, with increasing industrialisation and rapid economic growth. The research and development (R&amp;D) potential created during the period of planned economy could assume a key role in these processes. In the 1990s the R&amp;D system was restructured, with the aim of solving the financial problems that had arisen during transformation, while at the same time seeking to better achieve a functional integration of R&amp;D into innovation processes in the economy. A joint research project carried out by the 'Working Group Transformation of Science Systems (WZB) and the NISTPASS, Hanoi conducted macrostructural research and in-depth case studies in selected industrial sectors and R&amp;D institutions to clarify how this is taking place, which organisational forms are created by it, and how the new structures affect the functions of R&amp;D. This report presents the results of this research. The impact of doi moi policy in the area of S&amp;T must be described as ambiguous: There is an incongruity between successful structural changes and their functional effects, in particular regarding increased innovation activities - which have so far not or only partially been achieved. Some serious problems in the science system, in industrial enterprises as targets of innovations and in infrastructural prerequisites for innovation diminish Vietnam's current and future potential to utilise R&amp;D for economic growth and social welfare.</description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 01 Jan 2000 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">https://hdl.handle.net/10419/50920</guid>
      <dc:date>2000-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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      <title>Where do the actants, mangles come from?</title>
      <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/50921</link>
      <description>Title: Where do the actants, mangles come from?
Authors: Gläser, Jochen; Laudel, Grit
Abstract: This paper deals with the methodological problem of how to include material influences in comparative studies of research processes. Both Actor-Network-Theory and ‚Mangle-of-Practice‘ confirm convincingly enough that materiality must be taken into account in empirical investigations of research processes. However, it is not clear how material factors can be included systematically in comparative studies. In this paper, we use empirical examples from comparative institutionalist studies of research processes to discuss the difficulties that hinder comparative analyses. It turns out that neither Actor-Network-Theory nor ‚Mangle‘ support comparative analyses of material influences. As causes for this deficiency, we discuss the treatment of materiality as situationally emergent phenomenon, the absence of methodology and the theoretical models‘ level of abstraction. A methodological framework is proposed that should support systematic comparative analyses. This framework rests on an understanding of materiality as a cognitive condition of action. With the concept of cognitive conditions of action, materiality can be introduced into theories of action and into institutionalist approaches.</description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 1999 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <dc:date>1999-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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    <item>
      <title>Theoriegeleitete Textanalyse? Das Potential einer variablenorientierten qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse</title>
      <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/50917</link>
      <description>Title: Theoriegeleitete Textanalyse? Das Potential einer variablenorientierten qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse
Authors: Gläser, Jochen; Laudel, Grit
Abstract: Die qualitative Inhaltsanalyse beansprucht, zwei einander widersprechende methodologische Prinzipien (Offenheit und theoriegeleitetes Vorgehen) zu synthetisieren und darüber hinaus durch ihr regelgeleitetes Vorgehen die systematische Einbeziehung des gesamten empirischen Materials und eine gewisse Reproduzierbarkeit der Auswertung qualitativer Daten zu gewährleisten. Sie wäre damit ein interessantes Auswertungsverfahren für qualitative Projekte, die von Theorie ausgehen und zu Theorie beitragen wollen. Das von Mayring vorgeschlagene inhaltsanalytische Verfahren (das bisher einzige) bleibt jedoch zu eng den quantitativen Vorbildern verhaftet und bietet auch keine wirkliche Synthese von Offenheit und theoriegeleitetem Vorgehen. Insbesondere die Arbeit mit geschlossenen Kategoriensystemen, bei denen alle möglichen Ausprägungen vorab feststehen, scheint unter dem Aspekt der Offenheit problematisch. Ausgehend von einer Kritik dieses Verfahrens wird deshalb eine Alternative vorgeschlagen und an einem Beispiel vorgeführt, die auf einem anderen Verständnis von soziologischen Untersuchungsvariablen beruht. Die mehrdimensionalen, nominalskalierten Konstrukte, die mitunter in der Theorie als Variablen behandelt werden, entsprechen der Komplexität des Gegenstandes qualitativer Sozialforschung viel besser als einfache, an quantitative Vorbilder angelehnte Variablen und können deshalb als Analyseraster einer Inhaltsanalyse benutzt werden. Der Verzicht auf geschlossene Kategoriensysteme garantiert die notwendige Offenheit der Analyse für unerwartete Informationen.  Da die Inhaltsanalyse häufig auf große Mengen Text angewendet werden muß, lag die Anwendung eines computergestützten Verfahrens nahe. Die angebotenen Softwarepakete basieren jedoch auf einer Verkodung der Urtexte, während eine Inhaltsanalyse Informationen extrahiert und - unter Beibehaltung eines Verweises auf die Fundstelle - getrennt weiter-verarbeitet. Deshalb war es erforderlich, eigene Instrumente für die Computerunterstützung zu entwickeln. Das wurde durch die Programmierung von Makros in Word für Windows möglich.</description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 1999 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">https://hdl.handle.net/10419/50917</guid>
      <dc:date>1999-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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