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    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/45038</link>
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    <pubDate>Tue, 28 Apr 2026 07:38:44 GMT</pubDate>
    <dc:date>2026-04-28T07:38:44Z</dc:date>
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      <title>Carrying the past with you across the border: Long-term effects of conflict and environmental stress exposure in Syria on the social well-being of refugees in Jordan</title>
      <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/339222</link>
      <description>Title: Carrying the past with you across the border: Long-term effects of conflict and environmental stress exposure in Syria on the social well-being of refugees in Jordan
Authors: Castro, Francisca; Brück, Tilman; Jaafar, Hadi; Stojetz, Wolfgang
Abstract: When refugees flee abroad, they carry the legacy of their traumatic experiences across borders. While there are over 43 million refugees worldwide, the long-term effects of conflict exposure on their well-being remain poorly understood. This paper examines how pre-displacement exposure to violent conflict and environmental stressors shapes the long-term social well-being of Syrian refugees in Jordan, focusing on life satisfaction, social trust, and social safety nets. Using representative survey data from refugees living in Jordan and conflict events, as well as remote sensing environmental data from Syria, we distinguish between exposure to conflict events and conflict fatalities, revealing distinct effects. While exposure to conflict events has no systematic impact on social outcomes, exposure to conflict fatalities significantly reduces life satisfaction and weakens social safety nets. These effects are critically mediated by mental health, with depressive symptoms significantly explaining the negative impact of conflict fatalities on life satisfaction. Our findings also highlight gendered dimensions: individuals living in female-majority households experience particularly severe declines in life satisfaction, whereas those in male-majority households show greater deterioration in social safety nets. Having experienced droughts before leaving Syria further amplifies the negative effects of conflict, particularly on social safety nets. These results highlight the importance of considering intersecting vulnerabilities due to gender, environmental stress, and conflict exposure when designing support systems for forcibly displaced populations.</description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <dc:date>2026-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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      <title>Inclusive growth in South Africa? Inequality dynamics and the role of trade openness vs tax policies</title>
      <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/339293</link>
      <description>Title: Inclusive growth in South Africa? Inequality dynamics and the role of trade openness vs tax policies
Authors: Bargain, Olivier; Benhura, Miracle; Jara, H. Xavier; Kwenda-Magejo, Prudence
Abstract: Market forces, and notably the role of trade openness, contribute to shaping inequality in South Africa and may limit the inclusiveness of its growth path. Recently, policy reforms may have helped to mitigate these effects. To better understand these developments, we analyse trends in post-tax income inequality using matched employer-employee administrative data from 2012 to 2021 and an original decomposition based on counterfactual tax microsimulations. Our results show that the increased trade openness during this period has benefited top earners, while other workers-particularly those in the middle class-were adversely affected. Nevertheless, this inequality-enhancing impact was partially offset by the automatic stabilizing response of the personal income tax system and by reforms that increased its progressivity. Overall, the analysis highlights the critical role of fiscal policy in counteracting inequality arising from labour-market disparities linked to globalization in South Africa.</description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <dc:date>2026-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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      <title>Legacy of apartheid: Misallocation of labour and firm productivity</title>
      <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/339260</link>
      <description>Title: Legacy of apartheid: Misallocation of labour and firm productivity
Authors: Nesongano, Talent; Newman, Carol; Rand, John; Süße, Marvin
Abstract: This paper investigates the extent to which the historical legacy of apartheid laws explains contemporary misallocation and firm productivity in South Africa. During the apartheid era (1948-1994), job reservations, closed-shop agreements, and minimum-wage policies were implemented to restrict occupational mobility for Black workers and to insulate White employees from competition. Using digitized historical data from government gazettes combined with contemporary employer-employee panel data, we identify sectors and districts where these restrictions applied and find persistent impacts on labour allocation today. Results show that historically restricted sector-district pairs exhibit between 4 and 14% more labour misallocation compared to unaffected counterparts. In contrast, we find no significant differences in average firm productivity in treated cells, suggesting that apartheid's legacy on production persists primarily through allocative inefficiencies rather than observable differences in average firm efficiency. These findings underscore the persistent influence of discriminatory institutions on market efficiency and highlight the importance of policies aimed at correcting historical distortions in labour allocation.</description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">https://hdl.handle.net/10419/339260</guid>
      <dc:date>2026-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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      <title>Gender and intergenerational mobility: Unequal economic outcomes between siblings</title>
      <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/339223</link>
      <description>Title: Gender and intergenerational mobility: Unequal economic outcomes between siblings
Authors: Leites, Martín; Vilá, Joan
Abstract: This paper examines the role of sibling sex composition as a potential explanation of the transmission of parental advantages to the next generation. The presence of a brother affects the family environment and parents' decisions, influencing the siblings' labour market outcomes in the long term. The results show a negative effect of approximately 2% on the permanent income of women for the presence of a younger brother. This effect does not modify the intergenerational persistence of income. Regarding mechanisms, we find evidence that the effect is amplified when households face tighter budget constraints. Moreover, it is more pronounced in households with traditional gender norms, shaping permanent income, educational choices, and motherhood decisions. These findings underscore the importance of sociocultural mechanisms in accounting for the persistence of inequality.</description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">https://hdl.handle.net/10419/339223</guid>
      <dc:date>2026-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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