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    <title>EconStor Collection:</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/263067</link>
    <description />
    <pubDate>Wed, 29 Apr 2026 13:25:43 GMT</pubDate>
    <dc:date>2026-04-29T13:25:43Z</dc:date>
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      <title>Responses of technical and vocational education and training institutions to the needs of industry's digital transformation in South-East Asia</title>
      <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/318451</link>
      <description>Title: Responses of technical and vocational education and training institutions to the needs of industry's digital transformation in South-East Asia
Authors: Paryono, Paryono; Mashod, Hartini
Abstract: This paper investigates the responses of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) institutions in South-East Asia to the demands of industry's digital transformation in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0). TVET institutions play a crucial role in bridging the gap between education and industry by equipping students with the practical skills needed for the evolving workplace. Despite extensive discussions on this topic in various forums, there is a notable lack of comprehensive studies that evaluate the current adoption and readiness for IR 4.0 in TVET institutions across South-East Asia. Addressing this gap, this study develops a comprehensive framework - the Smart Education Readiness Index (SERI)-to assess the readiness of TVET institutions for IR 4.0. The framework draws from both industry readiness assessments and the specific criteria that are relevant to TVET institutions. This paper presents findings from data collected using the SERI framework across nine Association of Southeast Asian Nations member States: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam. The data collection involved surveys, interviews and focus group discussions with stakeholders from TVET institutions. The results reveal that on a scale from 0 to 4, the overall readiness index of TVET institutions in South-East Asia is 2.03, which indicates a level between "early adopter" and "learner". This readiness index is further broken down into three components: process (1.96), technology (1.92) and organization (2.21). These findings highlight the need for continuous improvement and greater alignment between TVET institutions and industry requirements. The study concludes with several key recommendations for enhancing the adoption of IR 4.0 in TVET institutions, including the continuous use of the SERI framework for self-assessment and monitoring; the development of action plans; and policy recommendations for ministries of education in ASEAN member States. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the preparedness of TVET institutions for IR 4.0 and offers a structured approach to bridging the gap between education and the rapidly changing industrial landscape.</description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">https://hdl.handle.net/10419/318451</guid>
      <dc:date>2025-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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    <item>
      <title>Generative AI and jobs: A refined global index of occupational exposure</title>
      <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/318547</link>
      <description>Title: Generative AI and jobs: A refined global index of occupational exposure
Authors: Gmyrek, Paweł; Berg, Janine; Kamiński, Karol; Konopczyński, Filip; Ładna, Agnieszka; Nafradi, Balint; Rosłaniec, Konrad; Troszyński, Marek
Abstract: This study updates the ILO's 2023 Global Index of Occupational Exposure to Generative AI (GenAI), incorporating recent advances in the technology and increasing user familiarity with GenAI tools. Using a representative sample from the 29,753 tasks in the Polish occupational classification system and a survey of 1,640 people employed in each 1-digit ISCO-08 groups, we collect 52,558 data points regarding perceive potential of automation for 2,861 tasks. We then compare this input with a survey and several rounds of Delphi-style discussions among a smaller group of international experts. Based on this process, we create a repository of knowledge about task automation that goes beyond national specificities and use it to develop an AI assistant able to predict scores for tasks in the technical documentation of ISCO-08. Our 2025 scores are presented in a revised framework of four progressively increasing exposure gradients, with a new set of global estimates of employment shares exposed to GenAI. Clerical occupations continue to have the highest exposure levels. Additionally, some strongly digitized occupations have increased exposure, highlighting the expanding abilities of GenAI regarding specialized tasks in professional and technical roles. Globally, one in four workers are in an occupation with some GenAI exposure. 3.3% of global employment falls into the highest exposure category, albeit with significant differences between female (4.7%) and male employment (2.4%). These differences increase with countries' income (9.6% female vs 3.5% male in Gradient 4 in HICs), and so does the overall exposure (11% of total employment in LICs vs 34% in HICs). As most occupations consist of tasks that require human input, transformation of jobs is the most likely impact of GenAI. Linking our refined index with national micro data enables precise projections of such transformations, offering a foundation for social dialogue and targeted policy responses to manage the transition.</description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">https://hdl.handle.net/10419/318547</guid>
      <dc:date>2025-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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    <item>
      <title>The untapped potential of disadvantaged young people for apprenticeships in skilled trades</title>
      <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/318450</link>
      <description>Title: The untapped potential of disadvantaged young people for apprenticeships in skilled trades
Authors: Hasler, Patrizia
Abstract: Skills development through quality apprenticeships can help young people make a successful transition from school to adulthood with sustainable, satisfying and rewarding employment. But even in Switzerland, which has a very strong standardized apprenticeship system with a good reputation, there is still an average dropout rate of about 20 per cent over the last two decades. This paper seeks to identify the influencing factors of quality apprenticeships and elaborates possible reasons why young people in low-reputation apprenticeships drop out more often than those in popular professions. Two studies conducted by the author with apprentices in the vocational fields of construction and media design serve as the scientific basis. The first study - in the field of media design, a popular field for vocational training - found that the pedagogical and didactic skills of the trainer, in particular the positive handling of errors, trust, honest and direct feedback, as well as the variability of tasks and the relationship with work colleagues, have a significant influence on training satisfaction. It was also found that the important influencing factors of competence growth in the workplace are not the same as those that significantly influence the grades at school The second study - in the field of construction, a vocational training track with low reputation - compared apprentices who terminated their apprenticeship contract with a control group of non-terminators in order to determine the factors influencing the probability of apprenticeship contract termination. Wrong career choice and unfavourable working and training conditions significantly increase the probability of aborting the apprenticeship. This paper goes one step further and combines the results of the two studies with two sociological theoretical concepts, the concept of "social reproduction" and the concept of different "life worlds" taken from SINUS Institute studies; these sociological concepts explain why young people from families with a low socio-economic background belong to the target group of disadvantaged young people but match very well with skilled trades when their specific needs are addressed. For this reason, the author concludes by providing concrete recommendations for policymakers, employers' associations and trade unions to leverage the untapped potential of disadvantaged young people in order to address the shortage of skilled workers in skilled trades. Social justice demands long-term investment in this disadvantaged group of young people as they deserve not to be left behind. Their human capital is valuable for economic growth as well as for societal and individual prosperity.</description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">https://hdl.handle.net/10419/318450</guid>
      <dc:date>2025-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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    <item>
      <title>Protecting whistle-blowers in the public service: A global survey of whistle-blowing laws applicable to the public service sector</title>
      <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/312903</link>
      <description>Title: Protecting whistle-blowers in the public service: A global survey of whistle-blowing laws applicable to the public service sector
Authors: Roche, Maximilien
Abstract: This paper provides an analysis of national laws relevant to whistle-blowers in the public sector across 67 ILO Member States. It studies each national law through a selection of indicators derived from reference frameworks and guidance by inter-governmental organizations (e.g. UNODC, OECD) and global civil society organizations (e.g. Transparency International, the International Bar Association). It aims at drawing a picture of each studied member state's approach to specific questions such as which public sector employees should benefit from a statutory whistle-blower protection, under which conditions and what such protection entails. The study concludes by observing that although enacting national laws protecting whistle-blowers is a relatively recent trend, such laws present a broad diversity of approaches which contrasts with the relative consistency of institutional recommendations.</description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">https://hdl.handle.net/10419/312903</guid>
      <dc:date>2025-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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