<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" version="2.0">
  <channel>
    <title>EconStor Collection:</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/236576</link>
    <description />
    <pubDate>Tue, 28 Apr 2026 16:54:02 GMT</pubDate>
    <dc:date>2026-04-28T16:54:02Z</dc:date>
    <item>
      <title>Equity return expectations and financial wealth holdings of U.S. households</title>
      <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/279878</link>
      <description>Title: Equity return expectations and financial wealth holdings of U.S. households
Authors: Cotwright, Marty; Chatterjee, Swarn
Abstract: This paper examines the association between stock market return expectations and financial wealth holdings of older adults using the 2016 wave of the Health and Retirement Study. Our study finds that less than 30% of individuals assigned a greater than 50% probability that the market will earn a positive nominal return in the following year. However, considerable heterogeneities were observed across racial/ethnic groups. Health status, the cognitive functioning of older adults, and expectations of positive stock market return were positively associated with greater financial wealth holdings among households. Our study also finds that older age, and being female were associated with a higher probability of expected equity returns in the following period. Health status, cognition, and equity return expectations were positively associated with the financial wealth holdings of households. African Americans, Hispanics, and other races were negatively associated with the probability of equity return expectations and financial wealth holdings when compared with the reference group of non-Hispanic Whites. Overall, this study contributes to the literature by applying a unique mathematically derived measure of future return expectations, and extends the literature on equity return expectations and the financial portfolios of households. The negative association between being African American or Hispanic and financial wealth holdings is concerning. The findings from this study inform policy makers, and underscore the need for prioritizing programs and policies that can be play a critical role in building human capital, in promoting financial capability, and in bridging the financial wealth gap for households belonging to the disadvantaged and underserved racial ethnic groups.</description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">https://hdl.handle.net/10419/279878</guid>
      <dc:date>2022-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>How do Norwegian technology start-ups use open innovation strategies to gain access to new business ideas?</title>
      <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/279876</link>
      <description>Title: How do Norwegian technology start-ups use open innovation strategies to gain access to new business ideas?
Authors: Rahman, Minhazur; Rahman, Ummeh Habiba Faria Benteh
Abstract: Open innovation (OI) strategy includes inter-company processes and activities i.e. networking, management, communication etc. The intention of this paper is to present examples on how open innovation performs within these start-ups. This paper is a descriptive study that discusses how to implement open innovation strategies in order to gain access to new business ideas in Norwegian tech companies. Throughout the study and analysis of appropriate literature, this research aims to deepen the understanding of the initial question and provide direction for further research. This improved understanding of using open innovation strategies will help entrepreneurs, as well as policy makers involved in idea evaluation. This study deals with the OI strategy implementation in small companies and startups, both of which are almost untouched fields of study. It contributes recommendations for reality thinking, social media involvement, and planned versus arbitrary strategy. This qualitative research paper forms a case study based on structured interviews with four anonymous Norwegian tech start-ups. Twenty to twenty-five articles about "startups, open innovation and networking" have been selected and analysed for the purpose of this paper. This study outlines a clear method for reviewing the theories of open innovation and networking which are discussed in the objectives. Unlike previous research, this paper will highlight loopholes and common mistakes typically made by start-ups and instead will implement smooth open innovation strategies for their company's benefit. After conducting successful interviews with start-up, the results have been combined with literature reviews and related theories with empirical evidence to support the proposed question. Finally, the findings are categorised in the table below and organised according to interviewee answers.</description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">https://hdl.handle.net/10419/279876</guid>
      <dc:date>2021-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Formal credit constraint and prevalence of reciprocal loans in rural China</title>
      <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/236612</link>
      <description>Title: Formal credit constraint and prevalence of reciprocal loans in rural China
Authors: Zhao, Jianmei
Abstract: The unique feature of the rural credit market in China is the dominance of zero collateral and zero-interest reciprocal lending and its long-term coexistence with the formal loan. This paper investigates the association between formal credit constraint and prevalence of reciprocal loans in rural China. Based on the identification of rural households' credit constraint status, we examine the effects of credit constraint on the utilization of informal reciprocal loans. We find that formal credit constraint significantly increases rural borrowers' reliance on reciprocal loans, whereas the "debt of gratitude" imposes an uncertain obligation on rural borrowers, and discourages them from borrowing amongst relatives and friends.</description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">https://hdl.handle.net/10419/236612</guid>
      <dc:date>2021-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Nigeria: Is there an environmental Kuznets Curve for fluorinated gases?</title>
      <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/279874</link>
      <description>Title: Nigeria: Is there an environmental Kuznets Curve for fluorinated gases?
Authors: Okon, Emmanuel O.
Abstract: The environmental Kuznets curve is a relationship between various indicators of environmental degradation and income per capita. Empirical studies have produced mixed results concerning Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis given the different indicators of environmental degradation used. But there has not been any validation of Environmental Kuznets Curve for powerful greenhouse gases like fluorinated gases that have a global warming effect up to 23 000 times greater than carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and their emissions are rising strongly. This paper aimed to test the applicability of the Environmental Kuznets Curve in Nigeria from 1970-2018 by deploying the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag methodology, the bounds test shows that there's a long-run equilibrium relationship between Gross Domestic Product per capita, square of Gross Domestic Product per capita, alternative and nuclear energy, combustible renewable and waste, and adjusted savings: net forest depletion. Nonetheless, the results do not support the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis both in the short-run and long-run and inverted U-shaped relationship was not found between fluorinated greenhouse gas emissions and growth in Nigeria. However, adopting fluorinated gas recycling and destruction processes, optimizing production to minimize emissions, and replacing these gases with alternatives are suggested for industrial users.</description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">https://hdl.handle.net/10419/279874</guid>
      <dc:date>2021-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>

