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    <title>EconStor Collection:</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/162904</link>
    <description />
    <pubDate>Wed, 29 Apr 2026 07:33:35 GMT</pubDate>
    <dc:date>2026-04-29T07:33:35Z</dc:date>
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      <title>The Blessing of Cash</title>
      <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/162911</link>
      <description>Title: The Blessing of Cash
Authors: Seitz, Franz; Krueger, Malte
Abstract: This study investigates the benefits of cash in a general context. First, we explicitly address the arguments of cash critics, who are calling for cash to be abolished altogether. Second, we show that cash plays a crucial role in the current two-tier banking system. Third, we are discussing a number of selected benefits of cash, inter alia its use in financial crisis and the provision of privacy. We conclude that the abolition of cash would have major drawbacks and could entail undesirable consequences.</description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 01 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <dc:date>2017-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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      <title>Transaction balances of small denomination banknotes: findings from the introduction of ES2</title>
      <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/162905</link>
      <description>Title: Transaction balances of small denomination banknotes: findings from the introduction of ES2
Authors: Bartzsch, Nikolaus
Abstract: At the end of 2015, the Deutsche Bundesbank had issued a total net amount of just over €45 billion in €20 banknotes. In statistical terms, each resident living in Germany was therefore issued with around 30 banknotes of this denomination. Up until now, it was not clear how many of these German-issued euro banknotes are actually used for payment purposes. Owing to the introduction of the new Europa series of banknotes on 25 November 2015, it was possible to estimate the volume of €20 banknotes that are held for transaction purposes both in Germany and outside the euro area. The estimation of the volume of €20 banknotes held for domestic transaction purposes (known as the domestic transaction balance) is primarily based on the observed return flows of the old series (ES1) of €20 banknotes received by the Deutsche Bundesbank. The cash balance of €20 banknotes held for domestic transaction purposes was estimated at around €8.5 billion at the end of October 2015. This means that only 19% of the total (net) amount of €20 banknotes issued by the Deutsche Bundesbank up to the end of October 2015 were used for transaction purposes within Germany. The remaining 81% has either migrated abroad, been hoarded or got lost. The results of the analysis are also important as a means of explaining the just over €36 billion worth of ES1 €20 banknotes which are still outstanding in the Deutsche Bundesbank's balance sheet. Given that the cash balance held for domestic transaction purposes has since been almost fully replaced, it is no longer to be expected that ES1 banknotes will flow back to the Deutsche Bundesbank in any sizeable amounts. The volume of German-issued €20 banknotes – officially stemming from banknote shipments by the Deutsche Bundesbank – held for transaction purposes outside the euro area was estimated at just over €3 billion at the end of July 2016 using the biometric method. This estimate represents a lower level for the actual cash balance held for transaction purposes, as it does not incorporate banknote exports resulting from foreign travel and cash amounts sent abroad. It is derived from cumulated shipments of ES2 €20 banknotes up to the end of July 2016 and the value of the ES1 and ES2 €20 notes deposited in July 2016 at the shipment branches. In terms of the Deutsche Bundesbank's cumulated net shipments of €20 banknotes in the amount of around €12 billion at the end of 2015, the estimated cash balance (resulting from shipments) held for transaction purposes outside the euro area accounts for around 28%.</description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 01 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">https://hdl.handle.net/10419/162905</guid>
      <dc:date>2017-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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    <item>
      <title>Restricting or Abolishing Cash: An Effective Instrument for Fighting the Shadow Economy, Crime and Terrorism?</title>
      <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/162914</link>
      <description>Title: Restricting or Abolishing Cash: An Effective Instrument for Fighting the Shadow Economy, Crime and Terrorism?
Authors: Schneider, Friedrich
Abstract: This paper has four goals: First, the use of cash as a possible driving factor of the shadow economy is investigated. Second, the use of cash in crime, here especially in corruption, is also econometrically investigated. The influence is somewhat larger than on the shadow economy, but it is certainly not a decisive factor for bribery activities. Some figures about organized crime are also shown; the importance of cash is diminishing. Third, some remarks about terrorism are made and here a cash limit doesn’t prevent terrorism. Fourth, some remarks are made about the restriction or abolishment of cash on civil liberties, with the result that this will extremely limit them. The conclusion of this paper is that cash has a minor influence on the shadow economy, crime and terrorism, but potentially a major influence on civil liberties.</description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 01 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">https://hdl.handle.net/10419/162914</guid>
      <dc:date>2017-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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    <item>
      <title>Choice of payment instrument for low-value transactions in Japan</title>
      <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/162909</link>
      <description>Title: Choice of payment instrument for low-value transactions in Japan
Authors: Fujiki, Hiroshi; Tanaka, Migiwa
Abstract: In this paper, we examine the determinants of the choice of payment instrument for low-value day-to-day transactions. Using Japanese household data from 2007 to 2014, we find that three payment instruments, namely, cash, electronic money, and credit cards, comprise the major payment choices for transactions with values less than 1,000 yen (about 8.7 euros). We also find that high-income, financially sophisticated households in urban areas tend to use both electronic money and cash. Further, family households choosing electronic money and cash do not have higher cash holdings compared with family households exclusively choosing cash, holding all other variables constant. We obtain weak evidence that single-person households choosing electronic money and cash have higher cash holdings compared with single-person households exclusively choosing cash, holding all other variables constant.</description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 01 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">https://hdl.handle.net/10419/162909</guid>
      <dc:date>2017-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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