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    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/150051</link>
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    <pubDate>Fri, 03 Apr 2026 18:51:23 GMT</pubDate>
    <dc:date>2026-04-03T18:51:23Z</dc:date>
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      <title>The Wealth of Nations: Origins of Prosperity and Seeds of Inequality</title>
      <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/334590</link>
      <description>Title: The Wealth of Nations: Origins of Prosperity and Seeds of Inequality
Authors: Galor, Oded
Abstract: What ignited humanity's momentous ascent from millennia of stagnation to an era of sustained economic growth? And what are the roots of the vast disparities in the wealth of nations? These enduring mysteries, which have preoccupied scholars across generations, lie at the core of Unified Growth Theory. This encompassing framework captures the evolution of societies over the entire course of human history and identifies the universal wheels of change that governed humanity's long journey, propelled the growth process, and shaped inequality across the globe. The theory uncovers the forces underlying the dramatic transformation in living standards over the past two centuries, emerging from an economic ice age of near stagnation, while highlighting the enduring historical roots of the immense divergence in the prosperity of nations. It suggests that forces set in motion in the distant past played a pivotal role in shaping development across the globe and remain essential for the design of effective policies that foster economic progress and mitigate inequality in the wealth of nations.</description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <dc:date>2026-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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      <title>The Legacy of China's One-Child Policy on Human Capital: How Being Raised by an Only Child Affects Cognitive and Noncognitive Skill Development</title>
      <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/334923</link>
      <description>Title: The Legacy of China's One-Child Policy on Human Capital: How Being Raised by an Only Child Affects Cognitive and Noncognitive Skill Development
Authors: Feng, Shuaizhang; Gan, Yu; Han, Yujie; Kautz, Tim
Abstract: China's One-Child Policy (OCP) restricted most couples to a single birth, leading to a rapid increase in the prevalence of only children. Using longitudinal data and a regression discontinuity design around the policy's start, we estimate the effects on grandchildren's human capital. We find that children with only-child mothers perform significantly better in cognitive skills (0.71 SD) and noncognitive skills (0.50 SD) than comparable peers. The effects are larger for boys, consistent with son preference, and for those with less-educated grandparents, for whom quantity-quality trade-offs are more applicable. Additionally, we find that only-child parents have higher educational attainment and provide more favorable home environments, which may explain their children's advantages in human capital outcomes. These findings suggest that, in the presence of quantity-quality trade-offs, fertility restrictions can improve human capital across multiple generations.</description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">https://hdl.handle.net/10419/334923</guid>
      <dc:date>2026-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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      <title>Tax expenditures and redistribution - The case of Portugal</title>
      <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/334922</link>
      <description>Title: Tax expenditures and redistribution - The case of Portugal
Authors: Christl, Michael; Berdeal, Silvia Navarro
Abstract: This paper assesses the fiscal and distributional effects of personal income tax expenditures in Portugal using EUROMOD and 2022 EU-SILC microdata. We compare the 2023 tax-benefit system with a counterfactual scenario in which tax expenditures are removed to estimate first-round impacts. We find that tax expenditures account for almost 40% of personal income tax revenues and predominantly benefit middle- and higher-income households, with large variation in redistributive effectiveness across instruments. While the Net Minimum Income Guarantee is progressive and cost-efficient in reducing inequality, most work- and pensionrelated allowances deliver limited equity gains, suggesting scope for reform.</description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">https://hdl.handle.net/10419/334922</guid>
      <dc:date>2026-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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      <title>State and Local Tax Policy in a Time of Telework</title>
      <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/335635</link>
      <description>Title: State and Local Tax Policy in a Time of Telework
Authors: Agrawal, David R.; Chen, Xinyu
Abstract: The taxing authority of subnational governments is limited by the geographic location of individuals and economic activity. The rise of telework decouples a worker's residence from the employer's location, creating challenges for personal income taxes, corporate income taxes, and unemployment insurance. Using Census data, we show that teleworkers are more likely than non-teleworkers to move interstate and realize larger reductions in their state tax burdens from a move. Motivated by this evidence, we evaluate alternative principles for sourcing labor income to the state of residence, the employer, or work and discuss how remote work reshapes subnational tax bases.</description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">https://hdl.handle.net/10419/335635</guid>
      <dc:date>2026-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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