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    <title>EconStor Collection:</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/125616</link>
    <description />
    <pubDate>Sat, 09 May 2026 19:00:17 GMT</pubDate>
    <dc:date>2026-05-09T19:00:17Z</dc:date>
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      <title>Working hours in a period of low economic growth</title>
      <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/146607</link>
      <description>Title: Working hours in a period of low economic growth
Authors: Walterskirchen, Ewald
Abstract: Collectively agreed reductions of working hours phased out in Europe in the 1990s. During the last two decades, working time became more flexible and heterogeneous. Working hours of full-time employees in the EU hardly changed. The strong increase in part-time work was the outstanding phenomenon. Today, one third of female employees and almost ten percent of male employees work part-time. In a period of slow growth, productivity gains will be squeezed by subdued investment and low capacity utilisation. Thus, a smaller pie will be available either for real wage increases or for working time reductions. In this situation, it will be politically even more difficult to find an agreement on shorter working hours than in past decades. Since the productivity and employment effects of a working time reduction in a low growth period are quite uncertain, social partners must be willing to negotiate again when the effects become apparent.</description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <dc:date>2016-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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    <item>
      <title>Work-sharing for a sustainable economy</title>
      <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/146608</link>
      <description>Title: Work-sharing for a sustainable economy
Authors: Zwickl, Klara; Disslbacher, Franziska; Stagl, Sigrid
Abstract: Achieving low unemployment in an environment of weak growth is a major policy challenge; a more egalitarian distribution of hours worked could be the key to solving it. Whether worksharing actually increases employment, however, has been debated controversially. In this article we present stylized facts on the distribution of hours worked and discuss the role of work-sharing for a sustainable economy. Building on recent developments in labor market theory we review the determinants of working long hours and its effect on well-being. Finally, we survey work-sharing reforms in the past. While there seems to be a consensus that worksharing in the Great Depression in the U.S. and in the Great Recession in Europe was successful in reducing employment losses, perceptions of the work-sharing reforms implemented between the 1980s and early 2000s are more ambivalent. However, even the most critical evaluations of these reforms provide no credible evidence of negative employment effects; instead, the overall success of the policy seems to depend on the economic and institutional setting, as well as the specific details of its implementation.</description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">https://hdl.handle.net/10419/146608</guid>
      <dc:date>2016-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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    <item>
      <title>Towards a Stock-Flow Consistent Ecological Macroeconomics</title>
      <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/146611</link>
      <description>Title: Towards a Stock-Flow Consistent Ecological Macroeconomics
Authors: Jackson, Tim; Victor, Peter; Naqvi, Asjad
Abstract: Modern western economies (in the Eurozone and elsewhere) face a number of challenges over the coming decades. Achieving full employment, meeting climate change and other key environmental targets, and reducing inequality rank amongst the highest of these. The conventional route to achieving these goals has been to pursue economic growth. But this route has created two critical problems for modern economies. The first is that higher growth leads (ceteris parabis) to higher environmental impact. The second is that fragility in financial balances has accompanied relentless demand expansion. The prevailing global response to the first problem has been to encourage a decoupling of output from impacts by investing in green technologies (green growth). But this response runs the risk of exacerbating problems associated with the over-leveraging of households, firms and governments and places undue confidence in unproven and imagined technologies. An alternative approach is to reduce the pace of growth and to restructure economies around green services (post-growth). But the potential dangers of declining growth rates lie in increased inequality and in rising unemployment. Some more fundamental arguments have also been made against the feasibility of interest-bearing debt within a post-growth economy. The work described in this paper was motivated by the need to address these fundamental dilemmas and to inform the debate that has emerged in recent years about the relative merits of green growth and post-growth scenarios. In pursuit of this aim we have developed a suite of macroeconomic models based on the methodology of Post-Keynesian Stock Flow Consistent (SFC) system dynamics. Taken together these models represent the first steps in constructing a new macroeconomic synthesis capable of exploring the economic and financial dimensions of an economy confronting resource or environmental constraints. Such an ecological macroeconomics includes an account of basic macroeconomic variables such as the GDP, consumption, investment, saving, public spending, employment, and productivity. It also accounts for the performance of the economy in terms of financial balances, net lending positions, money supply, distributional equity and financial stability. This report illustrates the utility of this new approach through a number of specific analyses and scenario explorations. These include an assessment of the Piketty hypothesis (that slow growth increases inequality), an analysis of the "growth imperative" hypothesis (that interest bearing debt requires economic growth for stability), and an analysis of the financial and monetary implications of green investment policies. The work also assesses the scope for fiscal policy to improve social and environmental outcomes.</description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <dc:date>2016-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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      <title>The Carbon Footprint of European Households and Income Distribution</title>
      <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/146610</link>
      <description>Title: The Carbon Footprint of European Households and Income Distribution
Authors: Sommer, Mark; Kratena, Kurt
Abstract: This paper calculates the CO2e (CO2 equivalents) footprint of private consumption in the EU27 by five groups of household income, using a fully fledged macroeconomic input-output model covering 59 industries and five groups of household income for the EU27. Due to macroeconomic feedback mechanisms, this methodology not only takes into account intermediate demand induced by the demand of a household group, but also: (i) private consumption induced in the other household groups, (ii) impacts on other endogenous final demand components, and (iii) negative feedback effects due to output price effects of household demand. Direct household emissions from household energy consumption are taken into account in a non-linear specification. Emissions embodied in imports are calculated using the results of a static MRIO (Multi-Regional Input-Output) model. The footprint is calculated separately for the consumption vector of each of the five income groups. The simulation results yield an income elasticity of direct and indirect emissions at each income level that takes all macroeconomic feedbacks of consumption into account and differs from the ceteris paribus emission elasticity in the literature. The results further reveal that a small structural "Kuznet effect" exists.</description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">https://hdl.handle.net/10419/146610</guid>
      <dc:date>2016-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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