https://hdl.handle.net/10419/113353 Fri, 23 Oct 2026 02:18:21 GMT 2026-10-23T02:18:21Z https://hdl.handle.net/10419/115699 Title: Spatial patterns of segregation in a monocentric city - a model with a special production function for housing services Authors: Wagner, Wolfgang Abstract: Usually in the monocentric city models, the spatial patterns of segregated ethnic groups are assumed to be ring-shaped, while early in the 1930ies, Homer Hoyt showed, that wedge-shaped areas predominate empirically. After Rose-Ackerman's discussion of the influence of aversion one group of households has against living close to members of another group within a ring-shaped segregated pattern, Yinger showes that a wedge-shaped pattern could arise, depending on the population mix, as long as border length is responsible for the spatial pattern. In this contribution, a monocentric model with the assumption of different household groups, a specific production function for housing and other goods and a specific utility function of households is presented. At first, border length is founded as a criterion of optimality. Secondly, it is shown that mixed patterns of concentric and wedge-shaped areas represent multiple equilibria if more than two groups of households are being considered. The welfare optimal segregated pattern depends on the relative production coefficient of households of different groups in the production of goods. This, for example, allows to analyse the impact of actual global production conditions on the spatial patterns of segregation in cities. Tue, 01 Jan 2002 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/10419/115699 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/10419/115626 Title: European integration and EU eastward enlargement process in international trade: using a gravity approach for exploring bilateral trade flows Authors: Paas, Tiiu Abstract: The paper is going to give an overview of the comparative evaluation of the Baltic Sea region countries (Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Germany, Russia, Poland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) competitiveness based on various methodological approaches ranking countries according to their level of international competitiveness. The study mainly bases on the data of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Harvard Institute for International Development (HIID), International Institute for Management Development (IMD) and national and international statistical authorities. Factor analysis as a data reduction method is used in order to elaborate generalized indicators (factors) of a country's competitiveness level and to compare the factor analysis based rankings of the Baltic Sea region economies with the ranking results based on the other methodological approaches (HIID methodology for evaluation of the economies' in transition competitiveness, World Competitiveness Yearbook (WCY) methodology). According to the results of using factor analysis, the main generalized indicators that explain a country's competitiveness level are the size of economy and level of economic development, which explain more than 50% of variation of initial indicators of a country's macroeconomic environment. Other generalized indicators could be interpreted as the factors that characterize development of infrastructure and/or human resources, and also openness of economy. Based on the results of the study, it is possible to conclude that the Baltic Sea region countries have good competitive position among the leading world economies and the economies in transition. The countries around the Baltic Sea have historical and cultural traditions for developing trade relations and economic cooperation. The development of mutually beneficial economic co-operation between the capital abundant countries such as Germany and the Scandinavian countries and the transitional countries of the region, which provide the possibilities of entrance into the new markets and also rather cheap and qualified labour force, has positively influenced economic environment of all Baltic Sea region countries. For the Baltic economies in transition, the regional co-operation has created conditions that support their rapid economic restructuring, development of infrastructure and human capital, and quick rise of competitiveness. To sum up, the Baltic Sea region has good potential for competitive economic development due to its favourable location between East and West and dynamic interdependence between transition and integration, stimulating both processes. Tue, 01 Jan 2002 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/10419/115626 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/10419/115711 Title: The InnoRegio-program: a new way to promote regional innovation networks - empirical results of the complementary research - Authors: Eickelpasch, Alexander; Kauffeld, Martina; Pfeiffer, Ingo Abstract: Ten years after German reunification the economic situation in the new Federal Länder is still unsatisfactory. New approaches are being sought in promotional policy so that the weaknesses that are known or suspected can be better targeted and removed. One of these weaknesses is the lack of research, and thconsequent shortage of innovation by companies. Another is inadequate regional cohesion between companies and related facilities. Formal and informal co-operation between the various regional protagonists is regarded as essential to strengthen corporate innovation and exploit the regional economic potential, and that means networking companies, research facilities, universities, the administration and politicians. In April 1999 the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) therefore launched a promotional initiative known as the InnoRegio. Prospective participants were invited to enter a competition for promotion funds by putting forward concepts for the development of innovative regional joint ventures or associations. During the period from 1999 to 2005 the BMBF will provide a total of 255 million for this Initiative. Thus, the InnoRegio-Contest is the most important pillar of the ministry's innovation policy for East Germany. In the course of 2001, two further measures have been added to the promotion of regional innovative networks, "Innovative Regional Growth Cores" and "Interregional Alliances". The implementation of the InnoRegio Initiative will be monitored by complementary research until 2005 which is conducted by the DIW Berlin. This article outlines the concept of the promotion and selected empirical results of the development of the InnoRegio networks and the establishments involved. Finally, some conceptual differences between the three programs mentioned and their relation to innovation policy as well as regional policy in Germany are discussed. Tue, 01 Jan 2002 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/10419/115711 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/10419/115728 Title: Spatial diffusion patterns of call-centers in the Netherlands Authors: Bruinsma, Frank; Rietveld, Piet; Beekman, Michiel Abstract: The focus in this paper is on spatial diffusion patterns of call centers in The Netherlands. The number of call centers has increased rapidly in the last decade and it seems that impacts of call centers on the labor market still underestimated. We will pay attention to two spatial levels: first urban versus rural and second local. Given the labor intensity and quality required by call centers and the absence of physical contacts with consumers one might expect that most call centers are located in the more peripheral parts of the country. In those peripheral areas there is less pressure on the labor market and the level of education - in particular the ability to speak English - is almost as good as elsewhere in the country. At the local level we are interested in the precise location of the call centers. We expect that they will prefer back office locations or even locations on cheap industrial sites, again due to the absence of physical contacts with consumers. They only will need enough parking space for their employees, since this is a relatively labor intensive economic activity. In this inventory study we will analyze the spatial diffusion patterns of call centers in The Netherlands and link them to regional labor market developments and other location factors. Tue, 01 Jan 2002 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/10419/115728 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z