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    <title>EconStor Collection:</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/113352</link>
    <description />
    <pubDate>Thu, 30 Apr 2026 01:44:17 GMT</pubDate>
    <dc:date>2026-04-30T01:44:17Z</dc:date>
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      <title>Classical models of urban population density. The case of Barcelona Metropolitan Area</title>
      <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/115179</link>
      <description>Title: Classical models of urban population density. The case of Barcelona Metropolitan Area
Authors: Martori, Joan Carles; Suriñach-Caralt, Jordi
Abstract: In this paper, we study the classical functional forms density-distance and its relation with the suburbanization for the Barcelona Metropolitan Area. The investigation of population concentration will be based on a mesure of the population density gradients derived from the classical models of urban population density. The monocentric urban density analysis has received considerable attention in urban geography and regional science as an empirical issue as well as from a theorical standpoint. The classic study by Colin Clark (1951), followed by the work of Muth (1969) and Mills (1970, 1972), has led to an extensive body of literature dealing with empirical implementations for a wide range of metropolitan areas and cities, in different countries and moments of time. In this work we analize the classical econometric models of urban density. Some of them have been used in studies about the traffic planning and some others in theoretical models on housing market. Quantitative geography has also attempted to model the urban population density. The functions have been estimated from the data sets of Barcelona Metropolitan Area (for six periods of time, 1975-1998) and eleven subcenters whose population ranges from 50.000 to over 200.000 (for one period, 1991). The data are taken from the municipality and census tract area and population data from the Census of Population</description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 2001 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">https://hdl.handle.net/10419/115179</guid>
      <dc:date>2001-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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    <item>
      <title>Production of Knowledge and Geographically Mediated Spillovers from Universities: Spatial Econometric Perspective and Evidence from Austria</title>
      <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/115234</link>
      <description>Title: Production of Knowledge and Geographically Mediated Spillovers from Universities: Spatial Econometric Perspective and Evidence from Austria
Authors: Fischer, Manfred M.; Varga, Attila
Abstract: The paper sheds some light on the issue of geographically mediated knowledge spillovers from university research activities to regional knowledge production in the high tech sector in Austria. Knowledge spillovers occur because knowledge created by university is typically not contained within that institution, and thereby creates value for others. The conceptual framework for analysing geographic spillovers of university research on regional knowledge production is derived from Griliches (1979). It is assumed that knowledge production in the high tech sector essentially depends on two major sources of knowledge: the university research that represents the potential pool of knowledge spillovers and R&amp;D performed by the high tech sector itself. Knowledge is measured in terms of patents, university research and R&amp;D in terms of expenditures. We refine the standard %0D knowledge production function by modelling research spillovers as a spatially discounted external stock of knowledge. This enables us to capture local and interlocal spillovers. Using district-level data and employing spatial econometric tools evidence is found of university research spillovers that transcend the geographic scale of the political district in Austria. It is shown that geographic boundedness of the spillovers is linked to a decay effect. Reference Griliches Z. (1979): Issues in Assessing the Contribution of Research and Development to Productivity Growth, Bell Journal of Economics 10, 92-116</description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 2001 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <dc:date>2001-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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    <item>
      <title>Product Cycle Model and the Location Structure of Finnish Industries</title>
      <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/115241</link>
      <description>Title: Product Cycle Model and the Location Structure of Finnish Industries
Authors: Niiranen, Kimmo
Abstract: Different variations of the product cycle model (cf. e.g., Malecki 1991) have been used in the analysis of regional change. The basic idea of the model is simple: products go through four stages from innovation to growth, maturity and decline. The locational factors are different in the different stages of the product cycle, and this has impacts on regional development. During the innovation period certain functions are centred in metropolitan regions and during the mature stage of the cycle in peripheral regions. This conditions the regional division of labour in the case of an individual country as well as in the global economy. This paper makes an attempt to find out whether the changes in the location of manufacturing industries have been in accordance with the assumptions of the product cycle model in Finland from the 1970s to the 1990s. The empirical observations are made on the basis of a large data set covering employment figures on 80 manufacturing industries the regional division being Helsinki metropolitan region vs. rest of Finland. Observations Aconcerning Sweden are used as a standard of comparison. The empirical findings of this paper can be summarised as follows: the location structure of the Finnish manufacturing industries has evolved from the 1970s to the 1990s so that the Helsinki metropolitan region can be considered as a forerunner of development or conductor of growth. It can be argued that the role of Helsinki for Finland has been similar to the role of Stockholm for Sweden. At he end of the paper some remarks are made concerning whether the observations can be interpreted from the point of view of regional policy, and to what extent changes follow the pattern outlined above in the present global economy.</description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 2001 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">https://hdl.handle.net/10419/115241</guid>
      <dc:date>2001-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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    <item>
      <title>Attractiveness of Central and Eastern European Countries for Foreign Direct Investment in the Context of European Integration: The Case of Estonia</title>
      <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/115164</link>
      <description>Title: Attractiveness of Central and Eastern European Countries for Foreign Direct Investment in the Context of European Integration: The Case of Estonia
Authors: Andresson, Kairi; Reiljan, Janno; Reiljan, Ele
Abstract: Foreign direct investment (FDI) flows in the world have increased rapidly during the last decade. Most of the FDI inflows are targeted to developed countries (78% in 1999, about fifth of the flows are going to developing countries and Central and Eastern European transition countries are the host countries for only 2% of the world FDI. The necessity of foreign investments in the transition countries is the result of industrial restructuring in post-socialist Eastern Europe and the Baltic countries. New markets, lower production costs and higher profit rates have been the main motivators in investing to the transition countries. Privatization programs of some of these countries have also facilitated foreign direct investments. Lankes and Venables (1996) and Lankes and Stern (1998) have noted that previous studies have shown predominance of market seeking investors in Central and Eastern European countries and factor cost considerations appeared to be of less importance for the majority of investments. A study by Meyer (1995) showed also that local market of Central and Eastern European countries is the primary motive in making foreign direct investments and factor costs played only a secondary role in investing to those markets at the beginning of the transition process. Several other studies (for example Barrell et al. 1999; Borsos-Torstila 1998; Éltetö 1999, Garibaldi et al. 1999; Guimaraes et al. 1997; Holland et al. 1998a, 1998b; Wang et al. 1995; Ziacik 2000 have also shown the significance of the determinants that are important for these types of investors in explaining the foreign investments’ flows into the transition countries. Two other types of foreign investors are not so important due to the relative lack of natural resources and strategic assets in Central and Eastern European transition countries. However, it has to be considered that there are quite big differences in the shares of different types of foreign investors between countries and sectors. A number of Central and Eastern European transition countries are in the middle of process of integration to the European Union now. Economic integration has impact on the movement of the foreign direct investment. The main aim of this paper is to find out the possible changes in attractiveness of investment climate of the Central and Eastern European transition countries in the context of European integration. Taking into account this aim, paper is divided into four parts: * At first, theoretical foundations of foreign direct investments movements and results of the previous empirical research are presented. * Then, theoretical foundations of the impact of regional integration on foreign direct investment flows is discussed. * After this, determinants of FDI inflows in Central and Eastern European countries and in Estonia are analyzed by using generalized component, regression and multinominal logistic analysis, * Finally potential changes in attractiveness of the Central and Eastern European transition countries are discussed and some economic-political recommendations for the governments are presented. REFERENCES: 1. Barrell, R., Pain, N. Trade Restraints and Japanese Direct Investment Flows. - European Economic Review, 1999, Vol. 43, pp. 29-45. 2. Borsos-Torstila, J. Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment Operations of Finnish Multinational Companies in Transition Economies in 1990-1995. Helsinki, 1998, 180 p. 3. Ëltetö, A. The Impact of FDI on the Foreign Trade of Central European Countries. – Materials of the workshop "Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on the International Competitiveness of CEEC Manufacturing and EU Enlargement", Budapest, November 19-20, 1999, 23 p. 4. Garibaldi, P., Mora, N., Sahay, R., Zettelmeyer, J. What Moves Capital to Transition Economies? – Materials of the IMF Conference "A Decade of Transition: Achievements and Challenges", February, 1999, 49 p. 5. Guimaraes, P., Rolfe, R.J., Doupnik, T., Woodward, D.P. The Locational Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Central Europe. – SSRN Journal, 1997, July, 17 p. 6. Holland, D., Pain, N. The Determinants and Impact of Foreign Direct Investment in the Transition Economies: A Panel Data Analysis. – Materials of the conference “Convergence or Divergence: Aspirations and Reality in Central and Eastern Europe and Russia” Buckinghamshire, 1998a, pp. 300-325. 7. Holland D., Pain, N. The Diffusion of Innovations in Central and Eastern Europe: A Study of the Determinants and Impact of Foreign Direct Investment. – Materials of the conference “Convergence or Divergence: Aspirations and Reality in Central and Eastern Europe and Russia”, Buckinghamshire, 1998b, 49 p. 8. Lankes, H.-P., Stern, N. Capital Flows to Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union. – EBRD Working Paper, 1998, No. 27, 31 p. 9. Lankes, H.-P., Venables, A.J. Foreign Direct Investment in Economic Transition: The Changing Pattern of Investments. – Economies of Transition, 1996, Vol. 4, No. 2 pp. 331-347. 10. Meyer, K. Direct Foreign Investment in Eastern Europe: The Role of Labor Costs. - Comparative Economic Studies, 1995, Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 69-88 (cited by http://www.ebscohost.com pp. 1-16). 11. Wang, Z.Q., Swain, N.J. The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Transforming Economies: Empirical Evidence from Hungary and China. – Weltwirtschaftlisches Archiv, 1995, Band 131, pp. 359-382. 12. Ziacik, T. An Assessment of the Estonian Investment Climate: Results of a Survey of Foreign Investors and Policy Implications. – BOFIT Discussion Papers, 2000, No. 3, 52 p.</description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 2001 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">https://hdl.handle.net/10419/115164</guid>
      <dc:date>2001-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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