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    <title>EconStor Collection:</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/88936</link>
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        <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/258997" />
        <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/289426" />
        <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/258996" />
        <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/258995" />
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    <dc:date>2026-04-30T03:19:22Z</dc:date>
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  <item rdf:about="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/258997">
    <title>Banking in Jordan: Financing corporates and SMEs in the era of COVID-19. Evidence from the EIB bank lending survey</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/258997</link>
    <description>Title: Banking in Jordan: Financing corporates and SMEs in the era of COVID-19. Evidence from the EIB bank lending survey
Editors: European Investment Bank (EIB)
Abstract: Using newly collected data from the EIB Bank Lending Survey, carried out by the EIB with support from the Central Bank of Jordan, this report focuses on cyclical and structural aspects of corporate and SME lending, and investigates the actions of Jordanian banks taken during COVID-19. The impact of the pandemic on credit supply has been relatively contained, but Covid-19 has been a game-changer for various aspects of banking, including operational activities, with strong push towards greater digitalization. On the other hand, climate risk is not yet a concern for the majority of the surveyed banks, due partly to the lack of data and resources.</description>
    <dc:date>2022-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/289426">
    <title>Is crowding out of private sector credit inhibiting Africa's growth?</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/289426</link>
    <description>Title: Is crowding out of private sector credit inhibiting Africa's growth?
Authors: Attout, Ahmed; Baldini, Alfredo; Schmidt, Vivian F. de O.; Zwart, Sanne
Abstract: During the pandemic, African banks rebalanced their portfolio towards sovereign assets, and crowding out of credit to private sector intensified. Policy support, however, averted a credit crunch. The increase in public debt across Africa due to the COVID-19 crisis intensified crowding out of credit to the private sector. As the economic recovery got underway, credit demand by the private sector picked up again in 2021, thus competing with government securities for funding. The analysis presented in this study confirms that crowding out has become more severe, but that timely policy support averted a credit crunch. Evidence of an increased sovereign-bank nexus highlights risks to macro-financial stability, especially as sovereign creditworthiness is deteriorating. Reducing excessive sovereign borrowing and strengthening countries' public debt management and transparency will help to contain crowding-out effects. Domestic and international development finance institutions can support these efforts by catalysing private sector resources and providing technical assistance.</description>
    <dc:date>2022-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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  <item rdf:about="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/258996">
    <title>Georgia: Country diagnostic</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/258996</link>
    <description>Title: Georgia: Country diagnostic
Editors: European Investment Bank (EIB); European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)
Abstract: Wide-ranging reforms linked to Georgia's EU aspirations have strengthened its economy and improved living standards. Nevertheless, further reforms are still needed and the Covid-19 pandemic has had a big impact on the hospitality sector, which has been a key driving force behind the country's strong growth in recent years. To continue its economic convergence with the EU, Georgia needs to strengthen the conditions for its private sector to thrive. This report aims to identify the key challenges and opportunities for promoting private sector development and investment in Georgia. Written and researched together with the EBRD, it reviews the political and economic environment and then digs deeper into issues of public and private governance, human capital formation, gender inequalities and access to finance, particularly for SMEs. The report also looks at Georgia's external competitiveness and its infrastructure needs, with a particular focus on the energy sector in the context of climate change.</description>
    <dc:date>2021-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/258995">
    <title>Private sector development in Morocco: Challenges and opportunities in times of Covid-19</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/258995</link>
    <description>Title: Private sector development in Morocco: Challenges and opportunities in times of Covid-19
Editors: European Investment Bank (EIB); African Development Bank (AfDB); European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)
Abstract: At the crossroad of Europe and Sub-Saharan Africa, the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, Morocco is a key partner of our institutions. Morocco is rich in history and tradition, economic and human resources. The emergence of a dynamic and broad-based private sector can become a powerful driver of job creation, social inclusion and economic resilience. This is all the more important in the wake of an unprecedented crisis that has hit the world economy with no exceptions. In 2020, the AfDB, EBRD and EIB together provided more than MAD 18.6 billion (of which more than MAD 4 billion for the AfDB, MAD 7.9 billion for the EBRD, and MAD 6.7 billion for the EIB) in financing for development in Morocco. This report has been jointly prepared by the African Development Bank (AfDB), the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and the European Investment Bank (EIB).</description>
    <dc:date>2021-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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