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    <title>EconStor Collection:</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/85351</link>
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        <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/197777" />
        <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/197779" />
        <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/197778" />
        <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/119799" />
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    <dc:date>2026-04-29T19:18:31Z</dc:date>
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  <item rdf:about="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/197777">
    <title>Accounting for protest zeros in contingent valuation studies: A review of literature</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/197777</link>
    <description>Title: Accounting for protest zeros in contingent valuation studies: A review of literature
Authors: Rankin, Jenny; Robinson, Angela
Abstract: The Contingent valuation (CV) approach is commonly used in environmental and agricultural economics and is becoming increasingly popular in the valuation of health and health care. Whatever the context, CV surveys risk eliciting "protest" responses where respondents state a zero valuation for a good even though their true valuation is greater than zero. Protests may result in study sample, information and hypothetical biases in analysis if censored, or cause inaccurate reporting of the true economic value of the good if uncensored. We review the prevalence of zero valuations, the classification of "protests" and the sociodemographic variables associated with protesting in CV studies in across a range of contexts including health. The results of the search found there is consensus that zero valuations due to concerns about taxation and/or trust in government should be classified as "protests". Those motivated by inability to pay should be classified as "true" zeros and retained in the data. A "don't know" option and follow-up questions should be used to detect protesters. Our results show it is unlikely those protesting are representative of the population, hence, removing protests will lead to unrepresentative samples. Therefore, econometric techniques allowing valuation estimates to be "debiased" should be utilised. Whilst much of the evidence on the issues of zero and protest valuations comes from the fields of environmental and agriculture economics, this is the first paper to review the classification, modelling and the sociodemographic variables of zero and protest bids within health economics. We have identified a number of lessons of best practice for the future designs of CV studies conducted in health.</description>
    <dc:date>2018-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/197779">
    <title>Public support for older disabled people: Evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing on receipt of disability benefits and social care subsidy</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/197779</link>
    <description>Title: Public support for older disabled people: Evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing on receipt of disability benefits and social care subsidy
Authors: Hancock, Ruth; Morciano, Marcello; Pudney, Stephen E.
Abstract: In England, state support for older people with disabilities consists of a national system of non-means tested cash disability benefits, and a locally-administered means-tested system of social care. Evidence on how the combination of the two systems targets those in most need is lacking. We estimate a latent factor structural equation model of disability and receipt of one or both forms of support. The model integrates the measurement of disability and its influence on receipt of state support, allowing for the socio-economic gradient in disability, and adopts income and wealth constructs appropriate to each part of the model. We find that receipt of each form of support rises as disability increases, with a strong concentration on the most disabled, especially for LA-funded care. The overlap between the two programmes is confined to the most disabled. Less than half of recipients of local authority-funded care also receive a disability benefit; a third of those in the top 10% of the disability distribution receive neither form of support. Despite being non means-tested, disability benefits display a degree of income and wealth targeting, as a consequence of the socio-economic gradient in disability and likely disability benefit claims behaviour.</description>
    <dc:date>2016-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/197778">
    <title>A global optimisation approach to range-restricted survey calibration</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/197778</link>
    <description>Title: A global optimisation approach to range-restricted survey calibration
Authors: Espuny-Pujol, Ferran; Morrissey, Karyn; Williamson, Paul
Abstract: Survey calibration methods modify minimally unit-level sample weights to fit domain-level benchmark constraints (BC). This allows exploitation of auxiliary information, e.g. census totals, to improve the representativeness of sample data (addressing coverage limitations, non-response) and the quality of estimates of population parameters. Calibration methods may fail with samples presenting small/zero counts for some benchmark groups or when range restrictions (RR), such as positivity, are imposed to avoid unrealistic or extreme weights. User-defined modifications of BC/RR performed after encountering non-convergence allow little control on the solution, and penalization approaches modelling infeasibility may not guarantee convergence. Paradoxically, this has led to underuse in calibration of highly disaggregated information, when available. We present an always-convergent flexible two-step Global Optimisation (GO) survey calibration approach. The feasibility of the calibration problem is assessed, and automatically controlled minimum errors in BC or changes in RR are allowed to guarantee convergence in advance, while preserving the good properties of calibration estimators. Modelling alternatives under different scenarios, using various error/change and distance measures are formulated and discussed. The GO approach is validated by calibrating the weights of the 2012 Health Survey for England to a fine age/gender/region cross-tabulation (378 counts) from the 2011 Census in England and Wales.</description>
    <dc:date>2016-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/119799">
    <title>Socioeconomic inequality and cognitive &amp; physical disabilities among older people in England</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/119799</link>
    <description>Title: Socioeconomic inequality and cognitive &amp; physical disabilities among older people in England
Authors: Sambo, Emmanuel Ndenor
Abstract: While the ratio of the younger to older populations grows smaller, the population of the old with health problems is increasingly growing. The likelihood of being disabled is higher for an individual with a lower socioeconomic status than that of an individual with a higher socioeconomic status. The social gradient in health has been found to persist even in the 65 and over age group; therefore, it is important to understand how the associations between disabilities in old age and socioeconomic inequalities thrive. In this study, data from the fifth wave of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing was used to explore the associations between socioeconomic status and the likelihood of being disabled among non-institutionalised older people in England. Along with marital status, subjective and objective indicators of socioeconomic status were jointly then alternatively used as explanatory variables controlling for age and gender to estimate likelihoods of having cognitive and physical disabilities in old age using Logistic regression models. Results showed that socioeconomic status was associated with the likelihood of being disabled in old age. More than the set of models containing both, the set with either the subjective or objective measures of socioeconomic status explained the relationships between disabilities and socioeconomic status better. Disadvantaged socioeconomic status was associated with higher likelihoods of being disabled whether using the subjective or objective measures of socioeconomic status. From the analysis, education, although attained at younger ages still had significant effects on the likelihood of being disabled. This study contributes to the understanding of the persistent relationship between socioeconomic status and disabilities.</description>
    <dc:date>2015-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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