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  <channel rdf:about="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/66876">
    <title>EconStor Community: McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/66876</link>
    <description>McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario</description>
    <items>
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        <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/180932" />
        <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/180931" />
        <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/180930" />
        <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/119766" />
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    <dc:date>2026-04-22T17:23:44Z</dc:date>
  </channel>
  <item rdf:about="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/180932">
    <title>What rates of productivity growth would be required to offset the effects of population aging? A study of twenty industrialised countries</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/180932</link>
    <description>Title: What rates of productivity growth would be required to offset the effects of population aging? A study of twenty industrialised countries
Authors: Denton, Frank T.; Spencer, Byron G.
Abstract: A shift in population distribution toward older ages is underway in industrialised countries throughout the world and will continue well into the future. We provide a framework for isolating the pure effects of population aging on per capita GDP, employ the framework in calculations for twenty OECD countries, and derive the rates of productivity growth required to offset those effects. We consider also some labour-related changes that might provide offsets, for comparison with productivity.</description>
    <dc:date>2017-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/180931">
    <title>One size may not fit all: Welfare benefits and cost reductions with differentiated household electricity rates in a general equilibrium model</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/180931</link>
    <description>Title: One size may not fit all: Welfare benefits and cost reductions with differentiated household electricity rates in a general equilibrium model
Authors: Daruwala, Farhad; Denton, Frank T.; Mountain, Dean C.
Abstract: We consider optional TOU (time-of-use) pricing for residential consumers as an alternative to a single TOU or flat rate structure offered by a publicly regulated electricity supplier. A general equilibrium model is developed and used to explore and quantify the effects of optional pricing on welfare, consumption, and production costs. The model assumes that households can be classified into internally homogeneous groups with differing utility functions, incomes, demand elasticities, and committed consumption requirements. Substitution for electricity among TOU periods and between electricity and other goods is allowed for in the model on the demand side, and differing TOU-specific marginal costs on the supply side. The supplier in the model offers to each household a menu of possible rate sets obtained by maximizing a collective welfare function subject to three types of restriction: Pareto efficiency (no household is worse off under the proposed pricing scheme than under the current pricing scheme); incentive compatibility (every household weakly prefers its set of rates to the sets chosen by other households); breakeven supplier revenue (aggregate revenue must equal aggregate cost). The model is calibrated realistically with three household groups and three distinct TOU costing periods, and used in a series of simulation experiments, including experiments with alternative demand elasticities and marginal cost parameters. The use of optional pricing is shown to increase overall consumer welfare and reduce average production cost. However, the distribution of welfare effects can be uneven, with the highest income group dominating the market to the relative disadvantage of the lowest group. To deal with that situation an alternative strategy with a targeted rate structure for the lowest income group is proposed, corresponding to a modified version of the model specified in which some incentive compatibility restrictions are relaxed. Simulations show that the strategy can be effective in bringing about a more equitable distribution of welfare gains while still maintaining optional TOU pricing.</description>
    <dc:date>2017-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/180930">
    <title>Immigration and the rate of population mixing: Explorations with a stylized model</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/180930</link>
    <description>Title: Immigration and the rate of population mixing: Explorations with a stylized model
Authors: Denton, Frank T.; Spencer, Byron G.
Abstract: Immigrants can mix with the population of a receiving country in various ways. We consider demographic mixing by which we mean cross-mating, and more particularly the bearing of children where one parent is of immigrant descent and the other is not - cross-parenting as we term it. We consider a hypothetical country with an initial stable population and introduce immigration. The results of cross-parenting are taken into account by identifying three separate populations within the overall total: non-immigrant population, immigrant population (immigrants and their descendants), and mixed population. We develop a stylized model to track the three populations, with interest focusing in particular on how the proportion of mixed population changes through time as it moves toward a steady state. The model has a stable projection (Leslie) matrix that holds for all three populations and moves them forward from generation to generation as each evolves in its own way. As cross-parenting occurs the resulting progeny are transferred from the other populations to the mixed population. The pattern of cross-parenting is determined in the first instance by a matrix representing preferences among the three populations and alternative preferential patterns are experimented with, ranging from complete isolation to indifference as to cross-parenting choices. However the matrix must be modified to recognize supply constraints imposed by the sizes of the available populations and a restricted least-squares procedure is employed to effect the modification while remaining as close as possible to the original preference pattern. Alternative rates of immigration are experimented with also.</description>
    <dc:date>2016-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/119766">
    <title>Uneven performance of Taiwan-born wage earners in the American and Canadian job market: Important roles of educational attainment and entry age</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/119766</link>
    <description>Title: Uneven performance of Taiwan-born wage earners in the American and Canadian job market: Important roles of educational attainment and entry age
Authors: Liaw, Kao-Lee; Lin, Ji-Ping; Liu, Chien-Chia
Abstract: For the Taiwan-born male and female wage earners in America and Canada, this paper attempts to find their wage gaps between the two host countries and to explain the wage gaps by three factors (educational attainment, the age at entering the host country, and the recency of the entry) in the context of current age. We apply an exponential regression model to the micro data of the 2005-2007 American Community Survey and the 2006 Canadian census. Predicted overall wage gaps are separated into two components: structural and compositional. [...]</description>
    <dc:date>2015-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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