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    <title>EconStor Community: W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, Kalamazoo, Mich.</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/64318</link>
    <description>W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, Kalamazoo, Mich.</description>
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        <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/315915" />
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        <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/315969" />
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    <dc:date>2026-04-28T11:20:36Z</dc:date>
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  <item rdf:about="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/315915">
    <title>The parenthood gap: Firms and earnings inequality after kids</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/315915</link>
    <description>Title: The parenthood gap: Firms and earnings inequality after kids
Authors: Jack, Rebecca; Tannenbaum, Daniel; Timpe, Brenden
Abstract: We document the dynamics of career paths around parenthood, capturing worker advancement within firms and across firms with differing pay rates. Using a new linkage between administrative data on U.S. workers' fertility and labor market histories, we show that the parental earnings gap is partly explained by mothers transitioning to lower-paying firms. Firm downgrading is driven by parents who take an extended absence from the labor force. Mothers who move to lower-paying firms see improved job amenities but less generous fringe benefits. The firm's contribution to the parental earnings gap rises over time and reaches one-third by the child's 11th birthday.</description>
    <dc:date>2025-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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  <item rdf:about="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/315965">
    <title>"Essential" migrants: Evidence from the 2020 H-2B visa lottery</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/315965</link>
    <description>Title: "Essential" migrants: Evidence from the 2020 H-2B visa lottery
Authors: Mahajan, Parag
Abstract: I study how access to foreign-born workers impacts firms and local economics in times of acute crisis. The 2020 H-2B visa lottery randomly gave some U.S. firms the chance to hire low-wage, migrant workers during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using administrative data across three government agencies, I find that access to H-2B workers led to decreased business closures, increased revenues, increased payroll, and increased employment in 2020. I also find suggestive evidence that these effects spilled over to non-participant firms within the same county.</description>
    <dc:date>2025-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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  <item rdf:about="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/315969">
    <title>How much can families afford to pay for college?</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/315969</link>
    <description>Title: How much can families afford to pay for college?
Authors: Hinrichs, Peter L.
Abstract: This paper studies families' capacity to pay for college in the United States, focusing on changes over time and differences by race and socioeconomic status. I use data from the National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS) to document changes over time in the Expected Family Contribution (EFC) from the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). The results suggest that the EFC has been rising over time, and that this has been driven primarily by families in the upper quartile of the income distribution. I then use data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to calculate alternative measures of the ability to pay for college. I find that it is possible to alter the distribution of who pays what amount by changing details of the EFC calculation, but the extent of this depends on details of the implementation.</description>
    <dc:date>2025-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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  <item rdf:about="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/315954">
    <title>Bargaining and inequality in the labor market</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/315954</link>
    <description>Title: Bargaining and inequality in the labor market
Authors: Caldwell, Sydnee; Haegele, Ingrid; Heining, Jӧrg
Abstract: We use novel surveys of firms and workers, linked to administrative employer-employee data, to study the prevalence and importance of individual bargaining in wage determination. We show that simple survey questions accurately elicit firms' bargaining strategies. Using the elicited strategies for 772 German firms, we document that the majority of firms are willing to engage in individual wage bargaining. Labor market factors predict firms' strategies better than firm characteristics. Survey responses from nearly 10,000 full-time workers indicate that most worker-firm interactions begin with the worker rejecting the offer and remaining at the incumbent firm. There is substantial heterogeneity in workers' bargaining behavior, which translates into within-firm wage inequality. Firms that set pay via individual bargaining have a 3 percentage point higher gender wage gap.</description>
    <dc:date>2025-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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