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    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/50781</link>
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        <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/50788" />
        <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/50798" />
        <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/50790" />
        <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/50793" />
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    <dc:date>2026-04-29T21:07:13Z</dc:date>
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  <item rdf:about="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/50788">
    <title>Trade induced growth impacts of corporate entry in the food sector: A case study of fruits and vegetables sub sector in the Punjab State of India</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/50788</link>
    <description>Title: Trade induced growth impacts of corporate entry in the food sector: A case study of fruits and vegetables sub sector in the Punjab State of India
Authors: Goel, Veena
Abstract: Study indicated that the entry of corporate sector in the Punjab State is both in retail and wholesale trade of the fruits &amp; vegetables sub sector. At the organized retail stores these companies have provided its consumers a single window service for the various product assortments while within the fruits &amp; vegetables category (have minuscule scales) widened the product selection choices. Corporate entry in wholesale trade has linked several product specific production belts with medium to high income consumers through various market segments such as organized stores, traditional wholesale/retail markets and the food service. These companies have also provided product variety through imports while opportunities for crop diversification towards higher value crops through exports. In the fruits &amp; vegetables sub sector companies engaged in the retail trade have adopted for short to medium while those in wholesale trade for medium to long-term more sustainable approaches for the sourcing of supplies to build up competitive advantages. This has started generating growth in the Punjab state that has manifested in terms of higher incomes for as the partner farmers and creation of employment for the skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled manpower throughout the supply chain. As the market sizes of these companies expand and diversify in the domestic/global markets it shall enhance growth thereby magnify its impacts.</description>
    <dc:date>2011-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/50798">
    <title>Making agricultural support more objective-oriented: Linear programming approach for Ukraine</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/50798</link>
    <description>Title: Making agricultural support more objective-oriented: Linear programming approach for Ukraine
Authors: Vysotskyi, Taras
Abstract: In this article we investigate how to integrate the experience and knowledge of local agricultural experts in order to facilitate more objective-oriented use of the agricultural support funds. For this purpose we apply the Linear Programming methodological approach. Within this approach the model for calculating the optimum allocation of agricultural budget is developed. The evaluations criterions, which are used in the modeling, are derived during the interviews with agricultural experts who work at the Zdolbuniv district agricultural department in Ukraine. The outcomes show that the agricultural support should have been redistributed in a slightly different way from the district perspective. However, the calculated changes in most cases match with the overall development directions in the Ukrainian agricultural support policy. Furthermore, the developed model has proved to be a useful and, at the same time, quite simple in application support tool, which could have been used by the agricultural decision-makers in the process of agricultural support distribution.</description>
    <dc:date>2011-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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  <item rdf:about="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/50790">
    <title>Trade integration, restructuring and global imbalances: A tale of two countries</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/50790</link>
    <description>Title: Trade integration, restructuring and global imbalances: A tale of two countries
Authors: Teng, Faxin; Kamenev, Dmitry; Meier, Claudia; Klein, Martin
Abstract: China is widely seen as one of the sources of global macroeconomic imbalances. Its persistent current account surplus and capital exports to the United States are even cited as one of the causes of the global financial crisis. The most common explanation traces China's current acca ount surplus to a mismatch between saving and investment due to inefficiently low domestic demand. We challenge this explanation. Our argument rests on an analogy that we construct between two countries generally thought to be very different: Russia and China. Russia, a raw materials exporting country, has been running current account surpluses similar to China's in relation to GDP. As for most raw materials exporting countries this is considered normal, reflecting efficient reinvestment of wealth from natural resources in financial assets. We show that a similar efficiency argument can be constructed for China, although the nature of wealth that is reinvested in financial assets is different in the two countries. Our analysis implies that China's current account surpluses can be expected to disappear over the long horizon - although the time when this will happen may still be very far away. Moreover, an appreciation of the Chinese currency may not have the desired effect of mitigating the country's current account surplus as a weakening in competitiveness is counterbalanced by a strengthening of investment motives.</description>
    <dc:date>2011-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/50793">
    <title>Accounting for social spending escalation in rural China</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/50793</link>
    <description>Title: Accounting for social spending escalation in rural China
Authors: Chen, Xi
Abstract: It has been widely recognized that the poor spends a significant proportion of their income on social spending even at the expense of basic consumption. What are the motives behind the observed lavish social spending among the poor? We attempt to test three competing explanations at the social link level, risk-pooling, peer effect, and status concern, via a uniform framework based on a unique primary dataset. The data set include household information from a three-wave census-type household survey as well as a long-term gift record for all households in three villages in a poor region in rural China. Our dyadic estimations confirm the prevalence of peer influence and the status seeking motive in shaping gift spending and its rapid growth, while risking pooling is not a significant explanatory factor. A 1% increase in peers' gift spending per occasion leads to a 0.13% - 0.34% increase in one's own gift per occasion, depending on whether household fixed effect or pairwise fixed effect dyadic model is estimated. Status seeking for the bottom 25% and the middle 50% groups significantly pushes up gift expenditure. Moreover, large windfall income and marriage market pressure further intensify status competition, escalating gift giving behavior.</description>
    <dc:date>2011-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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