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    <dc:date>2026-04-28T11:39:19Z</dc:date>
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  <item rdf:about="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/339306">
    <title>Beyond monetary measures: Determinants of multidimensional poverty among vulnerable older children and youth in East Germany. A perspective from capability approach and capital theory</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/339306</link>
    <description>Title: Beyond monetary measures: Determinants of multidimensional poverty among vulnerable older children and youth in East Germany. A perspective from capability approach and capital theory
Authors: Jost, Charlotte Margarete; Nimeh, Zina
Abstract: This paper investigates child poverty in Germany through a multidimensional lens, combining Sen's Capability Approach and Bourdieu's Capital Theory to develop a adapted Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) for children above 11 and youth aged 17. Drawing on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP v38, 2021), this study identifies key patterns of multidimensional deprivation among children and adolescents across age groups, regions, and socio- demographic characteristics. The findings reveal that around 14 to 15 percent of both age groups are affected by multidimensional poverty nationwide. While monetary poverty remains a strong predictor (especially in East Germany), regional disparities between East and West are less pronounced than assumed. Among children above 11, key factors influencing multidimensional poverty include being male, having a direct migrant background, living in larger households, and experiencing monetary poverty. For 17-year-olds, financial hardship and living with a person in need of care emerge as the most significant determinants. Notably, the highest levels of deprivation are consistently found in the relationships dimension, echoing recent research on increasing youth loneliness. The study's findings highlight how limited access to cultural, social, and economic capital constrains children's capability development. Based on these insights, the paper proposes targeted policy measures, including inclusive early education reforms, increased child benefits, and expanded youth infrastructure. Emphasizing children's agency and social inclusion, the recommendations aim to reduce structural inequalities and expand real opportunities for disadvantaged youth.</description>
    <dc:date>2026-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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  <item rdf:about="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/339309">
    <title>Airless democracy: Air pollution and voter turnout</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/339309</link>
    <description>Title: Airless democracy: Air pollution and voter turnout
Authors: Rossello, Giulia; Reatini, Maria Antonietta; Pinto, Gabriele; Cattani, Giorgio
Abstract: Air pollution is a major externality whose consequences extend beyond health and productivity. This paper shows that short-run pollution shocks also reduce democratic participation. We combine official, municipality-level election results from 32 national, European, regional, and municipal elections in Italy (2013-2022) with newly assembled daily measures of PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 for all Italian municipalities. Our identification strategy exploits quasi-random election-day deviations in local pollution relative to recent conditions, and we corroborate the results using wind speed as an instrument for particulate matter. Higher pollution on election day substantially depresses turnout: a 10 ?g/m3 increase in PM2.5 (roughly doubling typical exposure) lowers participation by 2-3 percentage points, corresponding to about one million fewer votes. The estimates are similar for PM10 and NO2, and when pollution exceeds WHO guideline thresholds. Using post-election survey data from the 2013, 2018, and 2022 national elections coupled with survey-date exposure, we find consistent individual-level declines in reported voting intentions, with larger effects among citizens who report higher political interest. These findings identify the political-economy cost of air pollution, which not only reduces turnout but distorts the democratic representation by altering who turns out, not just how many. Our results suggest that environmental regulation can strengthen the democratic process by improving political participation and representation, in addition to its health and welfare benefits.</description>
    <dc:date>2026-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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  <item rdf:about="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/339307">
    <title>Sustainable urban rail integration: The case of the city of Maastricht</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/339307</link>
    <description>Title: Sustainable urban rail integration: The case of the city of Maastricht
Authors: Coenen, Jo; Soete, Luc
Abstract: Rail integration in the urban setting of medium-sized border cities, as in the case of the old medieval town of Maastricht with its relatively small city centre, raises many challenges. The physical space occupied by underutilized rail tracks in the centre of the city is huge, occupying proportionally a substantial part of the centre city's surface. The "urban rail integration" proposal detailed here can be considered an example of how to implement sustainable mobility transformation in medium to small cities. Up to now, large cities have taken the lead in implementing European Green Deal goals such as decarbonization, renewable energy transformation and circular economy. A smaller city such as Maastricht can add to this "large city" lead in sustainable development by focusing on what is specific, one could say unique, to its own urban development potential: in this case, the particular large availability of so-called non-descript rail space in the centre of the city offering a unique opportunity for sustainable urban rail integration. How to monetize the advantages of such integration is a discussion which takes place in many medium sized cities in Europe. In large cities, the pressure of the densely populated areas in the city is such that rail integration proposals find relatively easily public policy support, even if the complexity in carrying out such urban rail integration involves complex infrastructural interventions. In medium sized cities, the necessity of these more radical interventions is no longer led by rail mobility demand, rather it will have to emerge out of alternative, local funding mechanism such as leaseholds. Maastricht represents an ideal example for such situations.</description>
    <dc:date>2026-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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  <item rdf:about="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/339308">
    <title>Redirect investment to stimulate the economy</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/339308</link>
    <description>Title: Redirect investment to stimulate the economy
Authors: Meijers, Huub; Muysken, Joan
Abstract: Investment has been low in the last decades (both by firms and by government). This does not only hold for fixed capital including R&amp;D, but also for investment in climate, housing, infrastructure and education. Productivity has been low too and should be stimulated, as is elaborated in the Draghi report. A problem is that firms invest a considerable part of their savings in financial assets abroad. Moreover, assets held by banks and pension funds are mainly invested in mortgages and financial assets abroad. In this paper we analyse scenarios were banks, pension funds, and firms redirect part of their financial investments to investment in fixed capital and government investment. Next to demand effects this output growth is induced by productivity growth, in which productive government investment also plays a role. Finally, inflationary tendencies are controlled by wage and price policies. We elaborate these points for the Dutch economy. This economy is characterised by several stylised facts which constitute a highly interdependent framework: (1) households with positive savings, large pension claims and a huge mortgage debt; (2) firms with large positive savings and large financial claims abroad; (3) a large financial sector with assets mainly invested in mortgages and abroad; (4) a large trade balance surplus; (5) a Central Bank owning a large stock of Dutch government bonds; (6) a government with modest negative savings and a moderate debt; and (7) a centralised system of wage negotiations. In the paper we use an open economy post-Keynesian stock-flow consistent model with a well-developed financial sector. Next to the banking sector we distinguish a pension fund which invests to a large extent abroad. Firms invest a considerable part of their retained earnings abroad in financial assets. We also introduce an inflationary process, based on conflict inflation, which allows for external inflation shocks. The model recognises the balance sheets and portfolios of financial assets of the six sectors in the model - the prices of these assets are explicitly modelled. The financial flows leading to wealth changes are analysed and both wealth effects and transmission channels for the impact of monetary policy play an important role. Finally, productivity growth is affected by both private and government investment in a variant of Verdoorn's Law. We estimate the model, using quarterly stock-flow consistent data for the Dutch economy. This enables us to reproduce the stylised facts presented above. From simulations with our model, we show the positive effects of redirecting investment to stimulate the economy. We also find a rebound effect if these redirected investments are discontinued.</description>
    <dc:date>2026-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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