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        <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/316132" />
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    <dc:date>2026-05-02T18:35:16Z</dc:date>
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  <item rdf:about="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/316138">
    <title>The role of waste-to-energy in waste management in Egypt: A techno-economic analysis</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/316138</link>
    <description>Title: The role of waste-to-energy in waste management in Egypt: A techno-economic analysis
Authors: Nassar, Heba; Biltagy, Marwa Shibl; Safwat, Aya Mohamed
Abstract: Purpose - Egypt has set plans to transform into a green economy which requires major reforms in the waste sector as one of the most vital sectors crucial for this transformation. This study aims at inspecting the current status of the Egyptian waste sector to highlight the major policy reforms needed. Furthermore, it assesses the economic viability of establishing waste-to-energy (WtE) projects under the current regulations that govern the sector. Design/methodology/approach - The study employed an inductive analytical approach to scrutinize the institutional and regulatory framework of the waste and WtE sectors. Furthermore, a novel techno-economic analysis was conducted to assess the profitability of a WtE plant that employs moving grate incineration technology. Findings - The analysis of the waste sector revealed its deteriorating state and the dire need for immediate restructuring through more stringent regulations to establish an integrated waste management system (IWMS) that incorporates WtE technologies as well as a number of corrective actions that would help enhance the sector. Additionally, the techno-economic analysis revealed the need to amend the current WtE regulation to comprise a gate fee as an indispensable revenue stream for WtE projects. Originality/value - This study is one of a few studies that uses a new technique of analysis to explore the potential role that WtE projects can play in Egypt as a part of an IWMS that aims at transforming the waste sector into a resource sector while providing a renewable and sustainable source of energy.</description>
    <dc:date>2025-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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  <item rdf:about="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/316132">
    <title>Balanced scorecards: Proposed framework for application at the local system level insights from international experiences</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/316132</link>
    <description>Title: Balanced scorecards: Proposed framework for application at the local system level insights from international experiences
Authors: Hamied, Mohamed Sayed Abdel; Elbagoury, Ayman
Abstract: Purpose - The study aims to provide a clear framework of steps on how to implement the balanced scorecard model at the level of measuring and managing local performance, with a mix between what theoretical approaches show in this matter and examples of applied experiences in different contexts. Design/methodology/approach - The study relies on the case study approach, which was used to present pioneer experiences in the field of application of the model on local government's level, namely, in the USA, England and South Africa. This paper was done by reviewing the original balanced scorecard literature and writings regarding the public and local government sector. This literature formed the basis for analyzing the various sections of study. Findings - Balanced scorecard is one of the important models for developing and measuring local performance. International experiences under study confirmed that application of the model requires the following: The availability of bureaucratic will at the local level to apply the model, necessity of capacity building of local government units to apply it, introduction of institutional and strategic changes to the local units to be able to build their own performance cards, as well as strengthening local information systems, and not standardizing the performance cards at the different local administrative units. Originality/value - This study will be useful for scholars, policymakers and local executive leaders on ways to apply the balanced scorecards at the local government units.</description>
    <dc:date>2025-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/316131">
    <title>The impact of education to the transition from unemployment to employment in Egypt</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/316131</link>
    <description>Title: The impact of education to the transition from unemployment to employment in Egypt
Authors: Gad, Amany Yashoa
Abstract: Purpose - This paper aims to identify the level of contribution of different levels of education to remaining in unemployment as well as the transition from unemployment to employment in Egypt. Design/methodology/approach - In this paper, transition probabilities matrix differentiated by gender, age groups, educational levels, marital status and place of residence based on worker flows across employment, unemployment and out of labor force states during the period 2012-2018 using Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey of 2018. The results point to the highly static nature of the Egyptian labor market. Employment and the out of labor force states are the least mobile among labor market states. This is because employment state is very desirable and the out of labor force is the largest labor market states, especially for females. Also, this study examines the impact of different educational levels separately on remaining in unemployment and transition from unemployment to employment state using eight binary logistic regression models. Findings - The main results of transitions from unemployment to employment are relatively large for males, elder-age, uneducated workers as well as workers who are not married and urban residents, and the results of the logistic regression models consistent with the transition probabilities matrix results, except for few cases. Based on the above findings, there is enough evidence to accept the null hypothesis that no education has a positive significant impact to transition unemployed individuals from unemployment to employment, while less than intermediate as well as higher education have a negative significant impact to transition unemployed individuals from unemployment to employment. Originality/value - This paper proposes to address the problem of the unemployment among highly educated which is much higher compared with illiterates and try to understand the impact of different levels of education separately on the transition from unemployment to employment, to help the policymakers to eradicate the gap between education and the demand of the labor market in Egypt.</description>
    <dc:date>2025-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </item>
  <item rdf:about="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/316136">
    <title>Cost of foreign reserve accumulation in emerging market and developing economies</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/316136</link>
    <description>Title: Cost of foreign reserve accumulation in emerging market and developing economies
Authors: ʿAbd-al-H̱āliq, Ǧūda; Rizk, Amany
Abstract: Purpose - This paper aims to obtain a recent estimate of the cost of precautionary foreign reserve accumulation that emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs) had to endure to protect themselves against the risks of financial globalization. In addition, the study estimates the cost of excess reserves in emerging market economies (EMEs) using various reserve adequacy indicators that reflect potential sources of foreign exchange drains and vulnerability in EMEs' balance of payments. Design/methodology/approach - This paper begins by explaining the accumulation of foreign reserves in EMDEs as a self-protection strategy against the risks of financial globalization. Next, it sheds light on the different types of economic costs of foreign reserve accumulation. Finally, it estimates the cost of foreign reserve accumulation in EMEs during the period (1990-2018) and in EMDEs during the period (1990-2015) due to data availability. Findings - Results indicate that the cost of accumulating foreign reserves as a self-protection strategy in EMDEs and EMEs' was huge compared to their development financing needs. Applying various reserve adequacy measures demonstrates that many of the EMEs were holding inadequate precautionary reserves in 2018. Actually, this reflects the significant increase in external short term debt that many of the EMEs have witnessed since the eruption of the global financial crisis (2008). Thus increasing reserves in EMEs with weak reserve buffers and higher external debt is critical as they are more vulnerable to external shocks and capital flow reversals. Also given the estimated huge costs of accumulating foreign reserves, EMDEs should accompany it by other complementary self-protection policies and liquidity management policies to free up resources for productive investment. Originality/value - The study contributes to the literature by estimating the cost of precautionary foreign reserve accumulation imposed on EMDEs during an extended period of time that covers a decade after the onset of the global financial crisis. Also to the authors' knowledge, this is the first study that estimates the cost of excess reserves in EMEs using various reserve adequacy indicators including the International Monetary Fund (IMF) assessing reserve adequacy (ARA) approach.</description>
    <dc:date>2025-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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