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        <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/316363" />
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    <dc:date>2026-05-01T03:55:15Z</dc:date>
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  <item rdf:about="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/313106">
    <title>The economy, the ghost in your gene, and the escape from premature mortality</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/313106</link>
    <description>Title: The economy, the ghost in your gene, and the escape from premature mortality
Authors: Costa, Dora L.; Bygren, Lars Olov; Graf, Benedikt; Karlsson, Martin; Price, Joseph
Abstract: Explanations for the West's escape from premature mortality have focused on chronic malnutrition or income and on public health or state capacity. We argue that by ignoring the multigenerational effects of variance in ancestors' harvests, we are underestimating the contribution of modern economic growth to the escape from early death at older ages. Using a newly constructed multigenerational dataset for Sweden, we show that grandsons' longevity was strongly linked to spatial shocks in paternal grandfathers' yearly harvest variability when agricultural productivity was low and market integration was limited. We reason that an epigenetic mechanism is the most plausible explanation for our findings. We posit that the removal of trade barriers, improvements in transportation, and agricultural innovation reduced harvest variability. We contend that for older Swedish men (but not women) born 1830-1909 this reduction was as important as decreasing contemporaneous infectious disease rates and more important than eliminating exposure to poor harvests in-utero.</description>
    <dc:date>2025-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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  <item rdf:about="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/316363">
    <title>Managers and public hospital performance</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/316363</link>
    <description>Title: Managers and public hospital performance
Authors: Muñoz, Pablo; Otero, Cristóbal
Abstract: We study whether the quality of managers can affect public service provision in the context of public health. Using novel data from public hospitals in Chile, we show how the introduction of a competitive recruitment system and better pay for public hospital CEOs reduced hospital mortality by 8%. The effect is not explained by a change in patient composition. We find that the policy changed the pool of CEOs by displacing doctors with no management training in favor of CEOs who had studied management. Productivity improvements were driven by hospitals that recruited higher quality CEOs.</description>
    <dc:date>2025-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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  <item rdf:about="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/322300">
    <title>Remote schooling during the pandemic: A double burden for working parents in Sweden?</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/322300</link>
    <description>Title: Remote schooling during the pandemic: A double burden for working parents in Sweden?
Authors: Kronenberg, Christoph; Gerdtham, Ulf-G.; Karlsson, and Martin
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic was a major shock for working parents, who faced sudden disruptions in both their work environment and their children's schooling. We study the effect of remote schooling on parental labor market outcomes in Sweden, a setting characterized by minimal COVID-related containment measures, a robust social safety net and a well-established digital education infrastructure. For parents of teenagers, we find no evidence that remote schooling affected employment status, with some short-lived earnings increases that vary by the age of the child. We find neither systematic maternal- paternal differences nor variation by occupational remote-workability.</description>
    <dc:date>2025-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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  <item rdf:about="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/330245">
    <title>Breaking the night barrier: Night-shift reforms and women's work in India</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/330245</link>
    <description>Title: Breaking the night barrier: Night-shift reforms and women's work in India
Authors: Vernekar, Nisha; Singhal, Karan
Abstract: Female labor force participation (FLFP) in India has remained stubbornly low, defying the expectation that women's employment would rise alongside economic growth. While supply-side constraints such as gendered norms and care responsibilities are well documented, the role of demand-side institutional barriers has received less empirical attention. We study whether removal of one such barrier - legal prohibitions on employing women in night shifts - improved female employment outcomes. We exploit exogenous variation in the timing of state-wise reforms in service sector labour laws in India between 2016 and 2024 to employ a staggered difference-in-differences design. We find that women in treated states increased time allocated to night hours, while overall hours worked declined, possibly toward more flexible or better-compensated shifts. We also find evidence of increased formalization among women in more organized firms and higher socioeconomic groups, consistent with bargaining responses to improved legal rights. The effects of lifting gendered legal barriers appear strongest where employers are willing to hire, infrastructure supports mobility, and women have bargaining power, while in more precarious settings, gains are limited. In India's heterogeneous and often informal services sector, such reforms can shift employment patterns, but their reach and quality may depend on complementary institutional and infrastructural support.</description>
    <dc:date>2025-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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