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        <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/318018" />
        <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/318073" />
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    <dc:date>2026-04-28T11:39:17Z</dc:date>
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  <item rdf:about="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/318018">
    <title>Age of tobacco smoking initiation among Iranian adults based on National and Subnational data from the 2021 STEPS survey: Short title: Tobacco Smoking Onset Age in Iran</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/318018</link>
    <description>Title: Age of tobacco smoking initiation among Iranian adults based on National and Subnational data from the 2021 STEPS survey: Short title: Tobacco Smoking Onset Age in Iran
Authors: Pourabhari Langroudi, Ashkan; Farzi, Yosef; Almasi, Golaleh; Shokri Varniab, Zahra; Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen; Rezaei, Negar; Golestani, Ali; Ahmadi, Naser; Rezaei, Nazila; Ghasemi, Erfan; Azadnajafabad, Sina; Nasserinejad, Maryam; Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi; Kazemi, Ameneh; Yoosefi, Moein; Foroutan Mehr, Elmira; Haghshenas, Rosa; Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi; Hajebi, Amirali; Mohammadi Fateh, Sahar; Moghimi, Mana; Momen Nia Rankohi, Azadeh; Afsari, Massomeh; Djalalinia, Shirin; Farzadfar, Farshad
Abstract: Tobacco smoking is a significant global public health challenge, responsible for 8 million deaths annually. This study aimed to analyze the age of smoking initiation and its sociodemographic determinants among Iranian adults, based on data from the 2021 STEPwise approach to surveillance (STEPS) survey, to inform targeted public health interventions. The analysis of 27,874 adults revealed that the average initiation ages for cigarette and hookah smoking were 22.2 years and 24.9 years, respectively. Men typically began smoking earlier than women, with average ages of 21.9 years for males and 27.7 years for females. No significant differences were observed in smoking initiation ages between rural and urban areas. Education level and marital status were also influential, with the youngest initiators having 7–12 years of education and being single. This study highlights the significant roles of gender, education, and urban-rural differences in smoking initiation in Iran. The findings underscore the need for targeted public health strategies conforming to the WHO’s MPOWER initiatives and the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). Increased investment in public health, focusing on education and preventive measures, is crucial to reduce early smoking initiation and its associated health risks, ultimately supporting broader health policy goals.</description>
    <dc:date>2025-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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  <item rdf:about="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/318073">
    <title>Exploring Site‐Specific Carbon Dioxide Removal Options With Storage or Sequestration in the Marine Environment – The 10 Mt CO₂ yr⁻¹ Removal Challenge for Germany</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/318073</link>
    <description>Title: Exploring Site‐Specific Carbon Dioxide Removal Options With Storage or Sequestration in the Marine Environment – The 10 Mt CO₂ yr⁻¹ Removal Challenge for Germany
Authors: Yao, W.; Morganti, T. M.; Wu, J.; Borchers, M.; Anschütz, A.; Bednarz, L.‐K.; Bhaumik, A.; Böttcher, M.; Burkhard, K.; Cabus, T.; Chua, A. S.; Diercks, I.; Esposito, M.; Fink, M.; Fouqueray, M.; Gasanzade, F.; Geilert, S.; Hauck, J.; Havermann, F.; Hellige, I.; Hoog, S.; Jürchott, M.; Kalapurakkal, H. T.; Kemper, J.; Kremin, I.; Lange, I.; Lencina‐Avila, J. M.; Liadova, M.; Liu, F.; Mathesius, S.; Mehendale, N.; Nagwekar, T.; Philippi, M.; Luz, G. L. N.; Ramasamy, M.; Stahl, F.; Tank, L.; Vorrath, M.‐E.; Westmark, L.; Wey, H.‐W.; Wollnik, R.; Wölfelschneider, M.; Bach, W.; Bischof, K.; Boersma, M.; Daewel, U.; Fernández‐Méndez, M.; Geuer, J. K.; Keller, D. P.; Kopf, A.; Merk, C.; Moosdorf, N.; Oppelt, N.; Oschlies, A.; Pongratz, J.; Proelss, A.; Rehder, G. J.; Rüpke, L.; Szarka, N.; Thraen, D.; Wallmann, K.; Mengis, N.
Abstract: Marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) and geological carbon storage in the marine environment (mCS) promise to help mitigate global climate change alongside drastic emission reductions. However, the implementable potential of mCDR and mCS depends, apart from technology readiness, also on site-specific conditions. In this work, we explore different options for mCDR and mCS, using the German context as a case study. We challenge each option to remove 10 Mt CO₂ yr⁻¹, accounting for 8%–22% of projected hard-to-abate and residual emissions of Germany in 2045. We focus on the environmental, resource, and infrastructure requirements of individual mCDR and mCS options at specific sites, within the German jurisdiction when possible. This serves as an entry point to discuss main uncertainty factors and research needs beyond technology readiness, and, where possible, cost estimates, expected environmental effects, and monitoring approaches. In total, we describe 10 mCDR and mCS options; four aim at enhancing the chemical carbon uptake of the ocean through alkalinity enhancement, four aim at enhancing blue carbon ecosystems' sink capacity, and two employ geological off‐shore storage. Our results indicate that five out of 10 options would potentially be implementable within German jurisdiction, and three of them could potentially meet the challenge. Our exercise serves as an example on how the creation of more tangible and site-specific CDR options can provide a basis for the assessment of socio-economic, ethical, political, and legal aspects for such implementations. The approach presented here can easily be applied to other regional or national CDR capacity considerations.</description>
    <dc:date>2025-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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  <item rdf:about="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/318074">
    <title>Africa’s regional and global integration: introduction to the special issue</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/318074</link>
    <description>Title: Africa’s regional and global integration: introduction to the special issue
Authors: Brandi, Clara; Kamin, Katrin; Thiele, Rainer</description>
    <dc:date>2025-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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  <item rdf:about="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/319532">
    <title>The non-linear impact of risk tolerance on entrepreneurial profit and business survival</title>
    <link>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/319532</link>
    <description>Title: The non-linear impact of risk tolerance on entrepreneurial profit and business survival
Authors: Koch, Melanie; Menkhoff, Lukas
Abstract: Entrepreneurs tend to be risk tolerant but is higher risk tolerance always better? In a sample of about 2100 small businesses, we find an inverted U-shaped relation between risk tolerance and profitability. This relationship holds in a simple bilateral regression, and even after controlling for a large set of individual and business characteristics. Apparently, one major transmission goes from risk tolerance via investments to profits. This is quite robust as it applies for both past and planned investments. Considering business survival, we show, first, that less profitable businesses leave the market while moderately risk tolerant entrepreneurs survive more often. Second, the high risk-low profit part of the U-shaped relation seems to disappear among businesses being 4 years and older, indicating that such inferior risk-profit combinations disappear over time. These findings are important for the concept of business readiness trainings as the motivation (and ability) to take risks should potentially be accompanied by some warning that taking too much risk can be detrimental to long-term business success.</description>
    <dc:date>2025-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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