https://hdl.handle.net/10419/201214 2026-10-24T20:45:59Z https://hdl.handle.net/10419/343915 Title: AI and worker well-being: Evidence from a nationally representative study Authors: Bryson, Alex; Kauhanen, Antti; Rouvinen, Petri Abstract: Utilizing nationally representative cross-sectional and longitudinal data from Finland (2018-2023), we provide a population-level assessment of the relationship between AI and worker well-being. Contrary to international evidence suggesting a positive or an inverted U-shaped relationship, we find no systematic association between AI use intensity and job satisfaction. However, we do find that work engagement is higher among employees who are personally involved with AI, with the strongest association among intensive users for whom AI is an essential part of their work. Furthermore, technology-replacement fears have remained stable despite rapid AI advancement and do not predict subsequent labour market transitions. An interpretation is that Finland's high-trust institutional environment and robust social safety nets may effectively moderate the disruptive psychological and economic shocks typically associated with rapid technological change. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/10419/343917 Title: The effect of EU ETS on firm productivity and innovationrelated activity Authors: Maczulskij, Terhi Abstract: This study examines the impact of the EU Emission Trading System on firms' productivity and innovation behavior in the Finnish energy-intensive sector. Using unique administrative data on emissions and firm characteristics from 2000 onwards, the effect of the ETS is analyzed using staggered difference-in-difference design. The results show that while firms do not increase productivity or innovation inputs, those regulated are significantly more likely to introduce both process and product innovations. Additional findings suggest that the ETS effectively reduced energy intensity. Together the findings suggest that carbon pricing may stimulate technological adaptation and environmental improvements without generating measurable losses in productivity. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/10419/343887 Title: Do R&D spillovers support low-carbon transition? Firm-level evidence from Finnish energy-intensive manufacturing Authors: Kuosmanen, Natalia; Kuosmanen, Timo; Zhou, Xun Abstract: A structural shift from fossil fuel-based energy systems to renewable, sustainable energy sources critically depends on research and development (R&D) activities at the firm-level. This study examines the contribution of R&D spillovers from other firms to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Finnish energy-intensive manufacturing industries. We link firm-level GHG emissions to financial and innovation data for 230 firms in the pulp and paper, chemicals, non-metallic minerals, and basic metals industries over 2000-2019. We derive emissions-generating functions based on a directional distance function framework, and estimate them using shape-constrained semiparametric regression. Our key result is that R&D spillovers have a strong statistically significant association with the firm-level GHG emissions. However, the signs and magnitudes of the spillovers differ across industries. In the chemical industry, intra-industry R&D spillover is associated with lower emissions, whereas in the pulp and paper and the basic metals industries, intra-industry R&D spillover is associated with higher emissions. These results demonstrate that R&D spillovers do not self-evidently lower emissions, but can also contribute to higher emissions. Our findings also reveal an important channel of inter-industry R&D spillovers through material flows, highlighting the pivotal role of the chemical industry for the GHG abatement in the pulp and paper production and non-metallic minerals industry. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/10419/343916 Title: DemoGrafiikka - Väestökuvasto Authors: Alho, Juha M. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z