https://hdl.handle.net/10419/249379 2026-10-09T08:38:30Z 2026-10-09T08:38:30Z Indrayadi, Sharfina Anggita, Riyandi Saras Utami, Yulia Esti https://hdl.handle.net/10419/316207 2025-05-06T01:07:00Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Envisioning school autonomy to leverage culturally responsive learning: Evidence from East Java and East Nusa Tenggara Authors: Indrayadi, Sharfina; Anggita, Riyandi Saras; Utami, Yulia Esti Abstract: Indonesia's socio-cultural and geographical diversity necessitates a decentralized education system, which has been in effect since the late 1990s. This decentralization enables schools to tailor education practices to local contexts, emphasizing culturally responsive learning (CRL) to accommodate diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds. School autonomy, as reinforced by Law No. 20/2003 and Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology Regulation No. 47/2023, grants schools authority and flexibility in terms of curriculum development, teacher management, and community engagement, which ensures education remains inclusive and contextually relevant. Policies such as the Merdeka Curriculum support CRL by granting regional policies the flexibility to facilitate local context learning across curricular and co-curricular activities. Local governments can operationalize this by developing targeted regulations concerning local content, teaching approaches, materials, and implementation strategies.

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z Budiman, Louis Nidhal, Muhammad https://hdl.handle.net/10419/298607 2024-06-20T01:14:27Z 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Understanding the regulatory environment for ICT infrastructure in Papua New Guinea: The Integrated Government Information System (IGIS) case study Authors: Budiman, Louis; Nidhal, Muhammad Abstract: The Integrated Government Information System (IGIS) is a private government network comprising several components such as records and data management services, government email, civil registration, the IGIS portal, IGIS data center & disaster recovery center, IGIS network, and a project management office. The project sought to overcome the dispersed nature of government's public data across Papua New Guinea's (PNG) 47 departments. This would enable better collaboration and coordination between government agencies by facilitating a centralized platform for sharing, archiving, and storing data, thus enhancing data centralization and optimizing computing costs. This case study provides an analysis of the current regulatory environment in which the IGIS project was planned, funded, and implemented in PNG. While the project aimed to streamline public data management, the case study finds governance gaps in security, transparency, and financing aspects of IGIS implementation.

2024-01-01T00:00:00Z Nidhal, Muhammad https://hdl.handle.net/10419/301094 2024-08-17T01:29:29Z 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Understanding the regulatory environment for ICT Infrastructure in Papua New Guinea: The Coral Sea Cable System (CS2) case study Authors: Nidhal, Muhammad Abstract: Over the past decade, digital connectivity has emerged as a critical new form of infrastructure, akin to roads, energy or ports-underpinning economic growth and social development. In Papua New Guinea (PNG), the advent of digital connectivity has opened up new avenues for communication, commerce, education, and governance. Indeed, the introduction of the internet in PNG nearly three decades ago (1997), has accelerated the country's digitization efforts. However, despite the PNG government's digital infrastructure strategies, broadband access-both fixed and mobile-remains limited in Papua New Guinea. ITU (the International Telecommunications Union) recorded that only 32% of PNG's total population used the internet in 2021, in contrast with an Asia Pacific average of 60%.

2024-01-01T00:00:00Z Natanegara, Amira Husna Budiman, Louis Nidhal, Muhammad https://hdl.handle.net/10419/298539 2024-06-20T01:05:13Z 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Understanding the regulatory environment for ICT infrastructure in Papua New Guinea Authors: Natanegara, Amira Husna; Budiman, Louis; Nidhal, Muhammad Abstract: According to World Bank estimates, Papua New Guinea (PNG) achieved an annual per capita Gross National Income (GNI) of US$2,470 in 2022 (Trading Economics, 2022). This is considerably lower than neighboring countries such as Indonesia with a per capita GNI of US$4,580 (Jiao & Sihombing, 2023) or Fiji (US$13,370) (Trading Economics, 2023). A low income creates severe challenges for building a capital-intensive information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure that would enable PNG to reap the benefits of the digital economy for business development, education, public health, etc. Fortunately, the ICT services in PNG have shown significant improvement over the past decades. The introduction of competition in the market of mobile telecommunications in 2007 has played a crucial role in enhancing basic telephony access. It led to more affordable and a wider variety of services (Duncan, 2013; ITU, 2018) while the mobile network penetration rose sharply with the entry of Digicel PNG Limited (Digicel) and Bemobile Limited (bmobile) (ITU DataHub, 2021; UNESCAP, 2021). Currently, Telikom PNG Limited (Telikom), a state-owned enterprise (SOE), retains its position as the main fixed telephone service provider (GSMA, 2019, Foster, 2023) while the mobile services market is dominated by Digicel with around 90% market share.

2023-01-01T00:00:00Z