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  <title>EconStor Collection:</title>
  <link rel="alternate" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/208393" />
  <subtitle />
  <id>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/208393</id>
  <updated>2026-04-30T11:16:16Z</updated>
  <dc:date>2026-04-30T11:16:16Z</dc:date>
  <entry>
    <title>A Discussion on Yin-Yang, Zhong-Yong, Ambidexterity, and Paradox</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/208666" />
    <author>
      <name>Li, Xin</name>
    </author>
    <id>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/208666</id>
    <updated>2023-11-12T02:34:22Z</updated>
    <published>2019-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
    <summary type="text">Title: A Discussion on Yin-Yang, Zhong-Yong, Ambidexterity, and Paradox
Authors: Li, Xin
Abstract: Professor Peter Ping Li has made important contribution to the promotion of indigenous management research in China in general and application of Chinese Yin-Yang philosophy to organizational paradox research in particular. However, his interpretation of Yin-Yang is incomplete and inaccurate. Namely, his notion of Yin-Yang balancing relates to only one of five distinct epistemological expressions of Yin-Yang in the Chinese literature and its derived methodological prescription, i.e., Confucian principle of Zhong-Yong. Yet, his notion of Yin-Yang balancing is an inaccurate representation of Zhong-Yong due to his dogmatic insistence on asymmetry in the structure of combination of opposites that is not a prescription of the Zhong-Yong principle. Due to his incomplete understanding of Yin-Yang, he has not been able to see the value of the ambidexterity approach and its compatibility with the Yin-Yang thinking in particular and the similarity between Chinese and Western approaches to solving paradox in general. This paper alerts Chinese management scholars to the danger of overconfidence and Chinese exceptionalism and calls for a modest and prudent attitude in pursuing Chinese indigenous management research.</summary>
    <dc:date>2019-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Empathy in Global Business</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/208665" />
    <author>
      <name>Worm, Verner</name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <name>Jakobsen, Michael</name>
    </author>
    <id>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/208665</id>
    <updated>2023-12-20T02:36:43Z</updated>
    <published>2018-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
    <summary type="text">Title: Empathy in Global Business
Authors: Worm, Verner; Jakobsen, Michael
Abstract: This paper analyses the concept of empathy in multinational organizations. In the 21st century "You need to be soft to get hard results!" as McDonald (2008) aptly stated. Based on contextual changes in both costumer clienteles and among younger employees, empathy or compassion is becoming central concepts in international business. We analyses the concept of empathy in a global context describing it mainly from a phenomenological perspective, but also introduce other approaches for comparative and informative reasons. After having defined empathy as consisting of three elements i.e. know yourself, know the other and create positive communication, we focus on intentional mode of understanding involving envisaging the actions and emotions of 'the other'. Empathy, triggered and mediated by various social encounters, assume different form and encompassing an array of possibilities for interpersonal understanding depending on the constitution of a given context. Based on this we analyze Maersk Line's organizational culture and how employees navigate it accordingly.</summary>
    <dc:date>2018-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Revisiting Single Case Studies in International Business Research: The Case of Maersk Line</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/208664" />
    <author>
      <name>Worm, Verner</name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <name>Jakobsen, Michael</name>
    </author>
    <id>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/208664</id>
    <updated>2023-12-22T02:28:49Z</updated>
    <published>2018-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
    <summary type="text">Title: Revisiting Single Case Studies in International Business Research: The Case of Maersk Line
Authors: Worm, Verner; Jakobsen, Michael
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to study the consequences of rolling out a global corporate culture on a multinational company in order to streamline modes of communication between headquarter and local offices across different host markets in an attempt to optimise the functionality of the organisation per se. Our key focus in this connection is to understand how employees in the Danish shipping company Maersk Line's headquarter in Copenhagen as well as in three local offices in Shanghai, Tokyo and Kuala Lumpur 'read' and respond towards such an optimisation process. We focus in particular on how employees, based on their 'reading' of this process, try to make sense of it in order to construct personal strategies as guidelines for how to navigating the organization to their own and the company's advantage. The key question to research in this context is what elements enters into employees personal strategies when navigating a multinational organization? To answer this question we employ a phenomenological approach as a way of exploring the relationship between organizational changes and employers' response towards them. We argue that single case studies provides us with the capability of providing deep insight into the inner workings of a multinational organisation. Furthermore, such kind of studies shows how various societal factors within a host market impact on the functionality of employees in local offices as well as on the relationship between the latter and headquarter.</summary>
    <dc:date>2018-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Discourses on Philosophies of Science in International Business Studies: Perspectives and Consequences</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/208663" />
    <author>
      <name>Jakobsen, Michael</name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <name>Worm, Verner</name>
    </author>
    <id>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/208663</id>
    <updated>2023-12-24T02:41:56Z</updated>
    <published>2018-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
    <summary type="text">Title: Discourses on Philosophies of Science in International Business Studies: Perspectives and Consequences
Authors: Jakobsen, Michael; Worm, Verner
Abstract: International business (IB) studies revolve around two key perspectives that can be defined as a firm specific perspective and a generic perspective that combined provide a company with crucial insights into how to enter and navigate a foreign market. Combined, such an approach provides a company with a holistic perception of what kind of resources and capabilities that are needed when entering a specific market as well as what to expect of the host market that the company is planning to enter. The key issue here is how to design a research strategy that is to provide the analyst with data that makes him or her capable of developing a pertinent explanatory framework for how to engage a foreign market. Before starting to look for appropriate research methodologies and tools for data collection, however, a pertinent philosophy of science point of departure has to be selected. This article has chosen to discuss three different philosophies of science. Each one of them is capable of providing the analyst with a specific take on how to 'think' data that are being extracted. Arguably, whatever approach one selects, the choice will have a crucial impact on the outcome of the research process. After settling down on a specific philosophical of science the article moves on to apply this on the Danish shipping company Maersk Line. The key focus here is on how employees at headquarter and in selected subsidiaries 'read' the company's global corporate culture so as to be able to navigate this particular company to their own benefit as well as to the company' per se. The article closes with a critical discussion of the ramification of selecting one philosophy of science over another when engaging in either qualitative or quantitative research in an IB context.</summary>
    <dc:date>2018-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </entry>
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