https://hdl.handle.net/10419/202101 2026-09-15T02:53:05Z 2026-09-15T02:53:05Z Aloisi, Antonio https://hdl.handle.net/10419/322063 2025-07-26T01:35:39Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Integrating the EU twin (green and digital) transition? Synergies, tensions and pathways for the future of work Authors: Aloisi, Antonio Abstract: The green and digital transitions are increasingly described as the 'twin transition' in EU policy documents, social partners' strategic plans and academic debates. However, the exact meaning of this term remains ambiguous, and the interconnections between these transitions are largely unexplored. This paper aims to clarify the motivations and pitfalls behind their 'twinning' and assess where and how their convergence might be successful. It considers the socioeconomic risks, policy trade-offs and implications for the future of work. The analysis covers major EU employment and social policy developments concerning workers' environmental and digital rights, as enshrined in legislation that presents a 'mix' between two distinct legal areas. A key finding is that the transitions are often treated as separate rather than integrated phenomena, with limited direct spillovers. However, despite shifts in institutional agendas and inconsistencies in understanding, the underlying priorities remain deeply entrenched. This paper identifies regulatory gaps and rigidities that maintain outdated, inflexible and hierarchical organisational paradigms, which are ill-suited to the demands of the twin transitions. It also calls for regenerating labour regulation to foster positive interactions and modernisation of work practices. The proposed normative changes should promote worker-oriented flexibility, universal labour protection and worker participation in technological and green initiatives, paving the way for more sustainable working arrangements.

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z Kurz, Heinz D. Strohmaier, Rita Knell, Mark https://hdl.handle.net/10419/322090 2025-07-26T01:35:41Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Technological change: History, theory and measurement. A brief account Authors: Kurz, Heinz D.; Strohmaier, Rita; Knell, Mark Abstract: Technological change, an overwhelming fact in recent socioeconomic history, involves, as Joseph A. Schumpeter famously put it, "creative destruction" on a large scale: it gives rise to new goods, production methods, firms, organisations, and jobs, while rendering some received ones obsolete. Its impact extends beyond the economy and affects society, culture, politics, and the mind-set of people. While it allows solving certain problems, it causes new ones, inducing further technological change. Against this background, the paper attempts to provide a detailed, yet concise exploration of the historical evolution and measurement of technological change in economics. It touches upon various questions that have been raised since Adam Smith and by economic and social theorists after him until today living through several waves of new technologies. These questions include: (1) Which concepts and theories did the leading authors elaborate to describe and analyse the various forms of technological progress they observed? (2) Did they think that different forms of technological progress requested the elaboration of different concepts and theories - horses for courses, so to speak? (3) How do different forms of technological progress affect and are shaped by various strata and classes of society? Issues such as these have become particularly crucial in the context of the digitisation of the economy and the widespread use of AI. Finally, the paper explores the impact of emerging technologies on the established theoretical frameworks and empirical measurements of technological change, points to new measurements linked to the rise of these technologies, and evaluates their pros and cons vis-à-vis traditional approaches.

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z Villani, Davide Vázquez, Ignacio González Fernández-Macías, Enrique https://hdl.handle.net/10419/322064 2025-07-26T01:35:40Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Green Jobs: A critique of the occupational approach to measure the employment implications of the green transition Authors: Villani, Davide; Vázquez, Ignacio González; Fernández-Macías, Enrique Abstract: The green transition is set to transform labour markets, yet its impact remains difficult to measure. This paper critically examines the occupational approach-based on task-based measures-which is the most widely used framework among researchers and institutions for estimating green employment. First, we identify theoretical shortcomings in this approach, emphasizing that its reliance on occupational titles leads to false positives by misclassifying non-green jobs as green, while also producing false negatives by excluding key contributors to the green transition. Second, we highlight methodological issues, such as inconsistent categorizations, arbitrary task definitions, outdated classifications, and the flawed assumption that occupational content remains stable across time and countries. Third, we apply the occupational approach using the O*NET framework to quantify green employment in 24 European countries from 2011 to 2022. Our analysis reveals that, according to this method, there has been virtually no net creation of green jobs in Europe. Moreover, we find no meaningful correlation between the presence of green jobs and various aggregate and sectoral environmental indicators. These findings underscore the fundamental limitations of the occupational approach, suggesting that it is an inadequate tool for assessing the labour market effects of the green transition. We discuss how this measure is suitable for policy benchmarking in the context of the European green transition.

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z Bisaschi, Luca Calderoni, Paolo Garces, Inazio Lechardoy, Lucie Nardoni, Sara https://hdl.handle.net/10419/322091 2025-07-26T01:35:37Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Algorithmic management in the logistics sector in France Authors: Bisaschi, Luca; Calderoni, Paolo; Garces, Inazio; Lechardoy, Lucie; Nardoni, Sara Abstract: This working paper provides an assessment of the impacts of algorithmic management (AM) tools on working conditions, job quality, and industrial relations in the logistics sector of France. It analyses the different ways algorithmic management technologies affect coordination, distribution and content of tasks, employee autonomy, job profiles, and industrial relations in logistics companies. The report presents a comprehensive study conducted through desk research, stakeholder consultation, and interviews with French start-ups, industry associations, public regulatory bodies, academia, and large companies. The French Strategy for Artificial Intelligence and the recent expansion of AI in French companies are discussed, along with some key applications of algorithmic tools. While algorithmic management tools offer several benefits for logistics companies, including optimizing operations and enhancing customer satisfaction, there are also concerns about the ethical and legal implications of rising technologies, particularly regarding worker privacy and the potential for bias or discrimination. Recent regulations and guidelines are presented to ensure the fair and transparent use of these tools. The paper concludes by discussing the need to balance the benefits of algorithmic tools with the potential risks and ethical concerns, and the role of the market and public policy in the coordination of economic activities in the logistics sector.

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