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  <title>EconStor Collection:</title>
  <link rel="alternate" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/146767" />
  <subtitle />
  <id>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/146767</id>
  <updated>2026-04-30T02:23:07Z</updated>
  <dc:date>2026-04-30T02:23:07Z</dc:date>
  <entry>
    <title>Connection leapfrog: The impact of 2G roll-out on employment outcomes for first-time connected regions</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/324641" />
    <author>
      <name>Bernardi, Marta</name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <name>Lindlacher, Valentin</name>
    </author>
    <id>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/324641</id>
    <updated>2025-08-28T05:21:06Z</updated>
    <published>2025-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
    <summary type="text">Title: Connection leapfrog: The impact of 2G roll-out on employment outcomes for first-time connected regions
Authors: Bernardi, Marta; Lindlacher, Valentin
Abstract: For the developing world, instant connectivity was first established through the expansion of second-generation (2G) mobile networks. Leveraging exogenous variation in network disruptions induced by lightning strikes as an instrumental variable, we analyze panel data from 2,040 regions across 13 developing countries between 1990 and 2015. Our findings reveal economically meaningful increases in employment (approximately 32-43%), driven primarily by a shift from self-employment toward formal wage employment, notably within agriculture, coupled with substantial rises in unpaid labor among women.</summary>
    <dc:date>2025-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Administrative failure, state capacity, and democratic exclusion: Evidence from Berlin's 2021 election breakdown</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/333402" />
    <author>
      <name>Kröper, Marius</name>
    </author>
    <id>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/333402</id>
    <updated>2025-12-05T06:41:55Z</updated>
    <published>2025-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
    <summary type="text">Title: Administrative failure, state capacity, and democratic exclusion: Evidence from Berlin's 2021 election breakdown
Authors: Kröper, Marius
Abstract: This paper studies the long-run effects of non-strategic administrative failures on voter participation. I exploit a natural experiment from Berlin's 2021 elections, in which hundreds of precincts experienced ballot shortages, multi-hour queues, and unlawful polling closures. Using precinct-level administrative data and a stacked event study design, I show that precincts exposed to administrative failures in the 2021 Berlin election experienced a 1.8 percentage points (2.4\%) decline in turnout across three subsequent elections over the next four years. The drop is concentrated in in-person voting and only partially offset by increases in postal participation in subsequent elections. Effects are largest among young voters, welfare recipients, and residents with migration backgrounds. Survey evidence suggests two mechanisms: disrupted civic habit formation and short-term erosion of institutional trust.</summary>
    <dc:date>2025-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Many names, many gains? How local diversity in Germany affects innovation</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/333401" />
    <author>
      <name>Kremer, Anna</name>
    </author>
    <id>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/333401</id>
    <updated>2025-12-05T06:41:50Z</updated>
    <published>2025-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
    <summary type="text">Title: Many names, many gains? How local diversity in Germany affects innovation
Authors: Kremer, Anna
Abstract: Meeting others with different backgrounds brings up new ideas. This paper shows that this not only matters for a background in heterogeneous industries or nationalities, but that regional differences matter too. Regions within a country vary in their traditions and culture. Cultural homogeneity within regions becomes mixed due to internal migration, which, like international migration, increases the diversity of a place. In a novel approach, I look at diversity in German municipalities, measured by different family names, and investigate its effect on the number of generated patents. I use a unique dataset from a 1996 phonebook and casualty lists from WWI. There is a positive association between innovation and diversity when defined by the share of new names, a deconcentration measure, or a Shannon index. Causality is established by using instrumental variables estimations with historical borders. I show that intra-country diversity affects patenting positively and conclude that regional differences matter for economic outcomes.</summary>
    <dc:date>2025-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Bilateral investment treaties and portfolio investment</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10419/283594" />
    <author>
      <name>Eichler, Stefan</name>
    </author>
    <author>
      <name>Nauerth, Jannik A.</name>
    </author>
    <id>https://hdl.handle.net/10419/283594</id>
    <updated>2024-02-24T02:02:32Z</updated>
    <published>2024-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
    <summary type="text">Title: Bilateral investment treaties and portfolio investment
Authors: Eichler, Stefan; Nauerth, Jannik A.
Abstract: We analyze the effect of bilateral investment treaties (BITs) on bilateral foreign portfolio investment in equity and debt securities. We find that expropriation risk and the level of a BIT's investor protection are complementary. Applying a Poisson Pseudo-Maximum-Likelihood model to a panel of 60 home and 39 host countries from 2002 to 2017, we find that host countries receive 40% more bilateral equity investment when they protect foreign investors with a BIT. This effect almost doubles when investment protection of BITs is strong, and the political risk of the host country is high.</summary>
    <dc:date>2024-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </entry>
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