Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/73703 
Year of Publication: 
2011
Series/Report no.: 
ifo Working Paper No. 102
Publisher: 
ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, Munich
Abstract: 
The Kyoto Protocol’s success or failure should be evaluated against the unobserved counterfactual of no treatment. This requires instrumental variables. We find that countries’ membership in the International Criminal Court (ICC) predicts Kyoto ratification in a panel model. Both multilateral policy initiatives triggered concerns about national sovereignty in many countries. We argue that ICC membership can be excluded from second-stage regressions explaining emissions and other outcomes. This is supported by first-stage diagnostics. Our results suggest that Kyoto had measurable beneficial effects on the average Kyoto country’s energy mix, fuel prices, energy use and emissions, but may have speeded up deindustrialization.
Subjects: 
CO2 emissions
energy
evaluation model
instrumental variables
Kyoto Protocol
JEL: 
C26
Q48
Q54
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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