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Autor:innen: 
Erscheinungsjahr: 
2012
Schriftenreihe/Nr.: 
Bundesbank Discussion Paper No. 15/2012
Verlag: 
Deutsche Bundesbank, Frankfurt a. M.
Zusammenfassung: 
Most EU member states will adopt fiscal rules that refer to cyclically-adjusted borrowing limits. Under the standard cyclical adjustment procedure, trend increases in public debt based on cyclical components are prevented if the real-time output gaps used to calculate cyclical components balance over time. We analyse real-time output gaps for EU-15 countries over the 1996-2011 period as estimated by the EU, the IMF and the OECD. Compared to each institution's final estimate, we find that real-time output gaps in our sample period are negatively biased. This bias is observed (i) irrespective of the source of the data, (ii) in all real-time vintages, (iii) basically across the entire cross-section of countries. The magnitude of the bias is considerable: on average, real-time cyclical components as a percentage of GDP are biased downwards by about 0.5 percentage point per year. Our results suggest that fiscal rules should incorporate ex-post checks of the unbiasedness of the cyclical components used within the rule. Potential biases would then decrease or increase future borrowing limits.
Schlagwörter: 
public finance
fiscal rules
cyclical adjustment
JEL: 
H61
H68
E32
ISBN: 
978-3-86558-822-7
Dokumentart: 
Working Paper
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