Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/49865 
Year of Publication: 
2010
Series/Report no.: 
Working Paper No. 569
Publisher: 
The Johns Hopkins University, Department of Economics, Baltimore, MD
Abstract: 
We study users' response to sponsored-search advertising using data from Microsoft's Live AdCenter distributed in the 'Beyond Search' initiative. We estimate a structural model of utility maximizing users, which quantifies 'user experience' based on their 'revealed preferences' and predicts user responses to counterfactual ad placements. In the model, each user chooses clicks sequentially to maximize his expected utility under incomplete information about the relevance of ads. We estimate the substitutability of ads in users' utility function, the fixed effects of different ads and positions, user uncertainty about ads' relevance, and user heterogeneity. We find substantial substitutability of ads, which generates large negative externalities: 40% more clicks would occur in a hypothetical world in which each ad faces no competition. As for counterfactual ad placements, our simulations indicate that CTR-optimal matching increases CTR by 10.1% while user-optimal matching increases user welfare by 13.3%. Moreover, targeting ad placement to specific users could raise user welfare by 59%. Here, we find a significant suboptimality (up to 16% of total welfare) in case the search engine tries to implement a sophisticated matching policy using a misspecified model that does not account for externalities. Finally, user welfare could be raised by 14% if they had full information about the relevance of ads to them.
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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