Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/26745 
Year of Publication: 
2008
Series/Report no.: 
EWI Working Paper No. 08,02
Publisher: 
Institute of Energy Economics at the University of Cologne (EWI), Köln
Abstract: 
The equilibrium conditions for an economic system that produces output with several factors of production and which is subject to technological constraints are derived. Optimization of either output minus cost or integrated utility yields the conditions that output elasticities must be equal to a modification of the usual factor cost shares, where shadow prices due to the constraints add to factor prices. In a model, where capital, labor and energy (exergy) are the factors of production, the technological constraints are identified as limits to capacity utilization and automation. The shadow prices depend on the output elasticities. These elasticities are determined for Germany, Japan and the USA by econometric estimations of energy-dependent production functions that are derived from the twice differentiability requirement and the law of diminishing returns.
Subjects: 
Optimization
technological constraints
shadow prices
output elasticities
energy
economic growth
JEL: 
A12
C02
E13
Q43
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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