Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/20066 
Year of Publication: 
2003
Series/Report no.: 
IZA Discussion Papers No. 821
Publisher: 
Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), Bonn
Abstract: 
This paper considers alternative policies for promoting skill formation that are targeted to different stages of the life cycle. We demonstrate the importance of both cognitive and noncognitive skills that are formed early in the life cycle in accounting for racial, ethnic and family background gaps in schooling and other dimensions of socioeconomic success. Most of the gaps in college attendance and delay are determined by early family factors. Children from better families and with high ability earn higher returns to schooling. We find only a limited role for tuition policy or family income supplements in eliminating schooling and college attendance gaps. At most 8% of American youth are credit constrained in the traditional usage of that term. The evidence points to a high return to early interventions and a low return to remedial or compensatory interventions later in the life cycle. Skill and ability beget future skill and ability. At current levels of funding, traditional policies like tuition subsidies, improvements in school quality, job training and tax rebates are unlikely to be effective in closing gaps.
Subjects: 
human capital
life cycle
JEL: 
J31
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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