Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/107290 
Year of Publication: 
2014
Series/Report no.: 
CESifo Working Paper No. 5104
Publisher: 
Center for Economic Studies and ifo Institute (CESifo), Munich
Abstract: 
This paper examines the heterogeneity in the public financing of long-term care (LTC), and the wide-ranging instruments in place to finance long-term care services. We distinguish and classify the institutional responses to the need for LTC financing as ex-ante (occurring prior to when the need arises, such as insurance) and ex-post (occurring after the need arises, such as public sector and family financing). Then we examine country-specific data to ascertain whether the two types of financing are complements or substitutes. Finally, we examine exploratory cross-national data on public expenditure determinants, specifically economic, demographic and social determinants. We show that although both ex-ante and ex-post mechanisms exist in all countries with advanced industrial economies and despite the fact that instruments are different across countries, ex-ante and ex-post instruments are largely substitutes for each other. Expenditure estimates to date indicate that the public financing of long-term care is highly sensitive to a country's income, ageing of the population, and the availability of informal caregiving.
Subjects: 
long term care
long term care expenditures
long-term care insurance
social insurance
ex-ante funding
ex-post funding
JEL: 
I18
H50
J10
Document Type: 
Working Paper
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