Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/284161 
Year of Publication: 
2022
Series/Report no.: 
Cardiff Economics Working Papers No. E2022/18
Publisher: 
Cardiff University, Cardiff Business School, Cardiff
Abstract: 
Immigrants and offshore workers become important disturbing factors of domestic employment in the globalized economy. In this study we build a model with this feature to test how the three groups of workers in the labor force interact using a panel data of 155 countries over the period 1990-2015. We find that while immigrants replaced native workers (especially highly skilled ones), offshore workers who produce intermediate input imports do not. The productivity effect of offshoring is stronger for developed economies while the substitution effect of immigration is stronger for developing countries. Furthermore, the productivity effects of immigration and offshoring are stronger when governments impose less restrictions on international trade and domestic labor market.
Subjects: 
immigration
offshoring
intermediate input imports
domestic employment
skill-bias effect
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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