Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/269254 
Year of Publication: 
2023
Series/Report no.: 
WTO Staff Working Paper No. ERSD-2023-04
Publisher: 
World Trade Organization (WTO), Geneva
Abstract: 
The WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) has been predicted to bring about an expansion in trade flows and real income gains. To date, there is still very limited empirical evidence on the actual post-implementation impact of the TFA. This paper provides an assessment, combining econometric estimations from a structural gravity model with general equilibrium modelling results. The main insight is that the TFA increased trade, in particular in agriculture, between developing countries that made commitments. General equilibrium estimations indicate that agricultural trade increases by 5% worldwide, while total trade increases by 1.17% worldwide as a result of TFA implementation. Trade gains accrue in particular to LDCs, whose exports increase by 2.4% overall (17% in agriculture). Furthermore, as a result of TFA implementation, real income increases by 0.12% worldwide (0.24% for LDCs).
Subjects: 
Trade facilitation
Structural gravity
CGE models
JEL: 
F13
F14
F17
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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