Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/263133 
Year of Publication: 
2022
Series/Report no.: 
ILO Working Paper No. 72
Publisher: 
International Labour Organization (ILO), Geneva
Abstract: 
The integration of active labour market policies within income support schemes - such as unemployment insurance and social assistance - has been a key component of social protection in high-income countries since the 1990s, with a rich literature reviewing its effects and implementation characteristics. More recently, this approach has spread beyond high-income economies, and is prominent today in many middle-income economies. Yet, despite the increasing adoption of integrated approaches, their conceptual and practical applications have not been studied in detail outside of high-income countries. This paper conceptualizes, for the first time, the implementation of integrated approaches, focusing on low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). We first develop a conceptual framework to understand how integrated policies can address labour market challenges, exploring the theoretical effects they exert on selected labour market and social dimensions. We then contrast these theoretical expectations with findings from the empirical literature on the effectiveness of integrated approaches. While many empirical studies find positive effects across different labour market dimensions, this is evidently not always the case. To reconcile this discrepancy, we investigate the design and implementation of integrated approaches across LMIC and identify factors which contribute to their effectiveness.
Subjects: 
decent work
employment
informal employment
employment policy
employment creation
employment services
unemployment
conditions of employment
remuneration
low wages
social assistance
unemployment benefits
training
skills
lifelong learning
inequality
poverty
working poor
enterprise creation
household income
informal economy
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
ISBN: 
978-92-2-037441-2
Creative Commons License: 
cc-by Logo
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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