Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/260673 
Year of Publication: 
2022
Citation: 
[Journal:] IZA World of Labor [ISSN:] 2054-9571 [Article No.:] 59v2 [Publisher:] Institute of Labor Economics (IZA) [Place:] Bonn [Year:] 2022
Publisher: 
Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), Bonn
Abstract: 
In developing and transition economies as much as half the labor force works in the informal sector (or "shadow economy"). Informal firms congest infrastructure and other public services but do not contribute the taxes needed to finance them. Informal workers are unprotected against such negative shocks as ill-health, but for certain groups there can be scarce opportunities to enter the formal sector meaning informal employment is the only feasible option. Reducing informality requires better enforcement, more reasonable regulation, and economic growth.
Subjects: 
informality
shadow economy
mobility
exclusion
JEL: 
J46
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
Document Type: 
Article

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