Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/249777 
Year of Publication: 
2021
Citation: 
[Journal:] International Organization [ISSN:] 1531-5088 [Volume:] 75 [Issue:] 2 [Publisher:] Cambridge University Press [Place:] Cambridge [Year:] 2021 [Pages:] 282-305
Publisher: 
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Abstract: 
The 1990s saw a systemic shift from the liberal post–World War II international order of liberal multilateralism (LIO I) to a post–Cold War international order of postnational liberalism (LIO II). LIO II has not been only rule-based but has openly pursued a liberal social purpose with a significant amount of authority beyond the nation-state. While postnational liberal institutions helped increase overall well-being globally, they were criticized for using double standards and institutionalizing state inequality. We argue that these institutional features of the postnational LIO II led to legitimation problems, which explain both the current wave of contestations and the strategies chosen by different contestants. We develop our argument first by mapping the growing liberal intrusiveness of international institutions. Second, we demonstrate the increased level and variety of contestations in international security and international refugee law. We show that increased liberal intrusiveness has led to a variety of contestation strategies, the choice of which is affected by the preference of a contestant regarding postnational liberalism and its power within the contested institution.
Subjects: 
liberal international order
liberal multilateralism
postnational liberalism
contestation
United Nations Security Council
Responsibility to Protect
International Criminal Court
European Union
International Refugee Law
European migration crisis
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
Document Type: 
Article
Document Version: 
Published Version

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