Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/248947 
Year of Publication: 
2021
Series/Report no.: 
CESifo Working Paper No. 9402
Publisher: 
Center for Economic Studies and ifo Institute (CESifo), Munich
Abstract: 
A population’s average stature reflects cumulative net nutrition and changing long-run economic conditions facing women’s economic opportunity, inequality, and net nutrition during development. This study uses stature as a measure for cumulative net nutrition to show how female and male statures varied around the US Civil War. Male statures and net nutrition decreased more than females with industrialization, indicating that women’s net nutrition improved relative to men with emancipation and industrialization. The net nutrition of women in agricultural occupations was greater than women in other occupations; however, male stature returns associated with occupations increased more than women with the transition to free-labor.
Subjects: 
nutrition transition by gender
stature by gender
economic transitions
JEL: 
C10
C40
D10
I10
N30
Document Type: 
Working Paper
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