Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/245554 
Year of Publication: 
2021
Series/Report no.: 
IZA Discussion Papers No. 14503
Publisher: 
Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), Bonn
Abstract: 
The rise of high-stakes accountability programs was one of the most noticeable changes in the U.S. education system during the 1990s and early 2000s. We measure the impact of these programs on students' long-run outcomes. We find that exposure to accountability modestly but detectably increased educational attainment – roughly .02 years per year of exposure. Effects on income were positive, but again modest and insignificant in most specifications. Lastly, if accountability had substantial effects on human capital, treated individuals would be expected to sort into occupations requiring greater use of tested (math and literacy) skills, potentially at the expense of non-tested skills. Instead, we find that accountability had virtually no effect on occupational requirements. Our results suggest that accountability was likely net beneficial for students' long-run outcomes, but not transformative.
Subjects: 
accountability
long-run effects
teacher incentives
teaching to the test
JEL: 
I28
J24
H0
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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