Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/233062 
Year of Publication: 
2021
Citation: 
[Journal:] Biology of Sex Differences [ISSN:] 2042-6410 [Issue:] 12 [Article No.:] 15 [Publisher:] Springer [Place:] Berlin [Year:] 2021
Publisher: 
Springer, Berlin
Abstract: 
In addition to biological sex, gender, defined as the sociocultural dimension of being a woman or a man, plays a central role in health. However, there are so far few approaches to quantify gender in a retrospective manner in existing study datasets. We therefore aimed to develop a methodology that can be retrospectively applied to assess gender in existing cohorts. We used baseline data from the Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II), obtained in 2009–2014 from 1869 participants aged 60 years and older. We identified 13 gender-related variables and used them to construct a gender score by using primary component and logistic regression analyses. Of these, nine variables contributed to a gender score: chronic stress, marital status, risk-taking behaviour, personality attributes: agreeableness, neuroticism, extraversion, loneliness, conscientiousness, and level of education. Females and males differed significantly in the distribution of the gender score, but a significant overlap was also found. Thus, we were able to develop a gender score in a retrospective manner from already collected data that characterized participants in addition to biological sex. This approach will allow researchers to introduce the notion of gender retrospectively into a large number of studies.
Subjects: 
Gender
Sex
Aging
Berlin Aging Study II
Base-II
Gender score
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
Creative Commons License: 
cc-by Logo
Document Type: 
Article
Document Version: 
Published Version

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