Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/216455 
Year of Publication: 
2020
Series/Report no.: 
IZA Discussion Papers No. 13143
Publisher: 
Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), Bonn
Abstract: 
In this paper we discuss some strands of the recent literature on the evolution of gender gaps and their driving forces. We will revisit key stylized facts about gender gaps in employment and wages in a few high-income countries. We then discuss and build on one gender-neutral force behind the rise in female employment, namely the rise of the service economy, which is also closely related to the polarization of female employment and to the geographic distribution of jobs, which is expected to be especially relevant for female employment prospects. We finally turn to currently debated causes of remaining gender gaps and discuss existing evidence on labor market consequences of women's heavier caring responsibilities in the household. In particular, we highlight how women's stronger distaste for commuting time may feed into gender pay gaps by making women more willing to trade o steeper wage gains for shorter commutes.
Subjects: 
gender gaps
industry structure
local labor markets
JEL: 
J16
J21
J31
J61
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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