Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/202684 
Year of Publication: 
2019
Series/Report no.: 
IZA Discussion Papers No. 12338
Publisher: 
Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), Bonn
Abstract: 
We investigate whether tests taken during a high stakes grade by German primary and secondary students produce higher math scores than in lower stakes grades. We identify a high stakes grade with the final grade of primary or secondary school, because good performance in that grade can affect future opportunities. Our difference-in-differences estimates show that high stakes increase math scores on average by 0.17 to 0.23 standard deviations, a sizeable effect.
Subjects: 
high stakes testing
student motivation
achievement
(perceived) returns to education
JEL: 
I26
J24
D91
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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