Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/193390 
Year of Publication: 
2019
Series/Report no.: 
IZA Discussion Papers No. 12096
Publisher: 
Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), Bonn
Abstract: 
Guest workers on visas in the United States may be unable to quit bad employers due to barriers to mobility and a lack of labor market competition. Using H-1B, H-2A, and H-2B program data, we calculate the concentration of employers in geographically defined labor markets within occupations. We find that many guest workers face moderately or highly concentrated labor markets, based on federal merger scrutiny guidelines, and that concentration generally decreases wages. For example, moving from a market with an HHI of zero to a market comprised of two employers lowers H-1B worker wages approximately 10 percent, and a pure monopsony (one employer) reduces wages by 13 percent. A simulation shows that wages under pure monopsony could be 47 percent lower, suggesting that employers do not use the extent of their monopsony power. Enforcing wage regulations and decreasing barriers to mobility may better address issues of exploitation than antitrust scrutiny.
Subjects: 
guest workers
migration
monopsony
market concentration
JEL: 
J42
F22
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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