Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/179002 
Year of Publication: 
2007
Citation: 
[Journal:] Applied Economics [Volume:] 39 [Issue:] 12 [Publisher:] Routledge [Place:] New York, NY [Year:] 2007 [Pages:] 1565-1572
Publisher: 
Routledge, New York, NY
Abstract: 
A common finding of many analytical models is the existence of multiple equilibria of corruption. Countries characterized by the same economic, social and cultural background do not necessarily experience the same levels of corruption. In this article, we use Kernel Density Estimation techniques to analyse the cross-country distribution of corruption. Particular emphasis will be given to the question whether the distribution of corruption shows more than one peak. We find that most of the estimated densities exhibit twin peaks. We also provide some evidence on the intra-distribution dynamics and the persistence of corruption. We find the group of countries classified within the two ‘clubs’ to be very stable. Corruption is a highly persistent phenomenon. Substantial changes in the economic, political and cultural environment of countries within the ‘corruption club’ are required before a significant decline of corruption is to be expected.
Subjects: 
corruption
Kernel Density Estimation
multiple equilibria
JEL: 
K42
H10
Published Version’s DOI: 
Additional Information: 
This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in “Applied Economics” online on 04/04/2011, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/00036840500461980
Document Type: 
Article
Document Version: 
Accepted Manuscript (Postprint)
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