Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/147860 
Year of Publication: 
2016
Series/Report no.: 
IZA Discussion Papers No. 10174
Publisher: 
Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), Bonn
Abstract: 
We examine the effect of the sending-off of a player on the goal-scoring rates in FIFA World Cup matches in tournaments from 1998 to 2014. We use a hazard rate framework in which the effect of a red card is modeled as a shift in the goal-scoring rate. A red card may harm the team that receives a red card and may be beneficial for their opponent. Indeed, we find that the goal-scoring rate of the sanctioned team goes down, while the goal-scoring rate of the non-sanctioned team goes up.
Subjects: 
association football
goal-scoring
red card
World Cup football matches
JEL: 
Z29
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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