Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/87548 
Year of Publication: 
2012
Series/Report no.: 
Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper No. 12-061/1
Publisher: 
Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam and Rotterdam
Abstract: 
Field-experimental studies have shown that people litter more in more littered environments.Inspired by these findings, many cities around the world have adopted policies to quickly remove litter. While such policies may avoid that people follow the bad example of litterers,they may also invite free-riding on public cleaning services. We are the first to show that both forces are at play. We conduct a natural field experiment where, in a randomly assigned part of a residential area, the frequency of cleaning was drastically reduced during a threemonthperiod. We find evidence that some people start to clean up after themselves when public cleaning services are diminished. However, the tendency to litter more dominates. We also find evidence for persistency in these responses after the treatment has ended.
Subjects: 
littering
public services
free-riding
field experiment
JEL: 
C93
H40
K42
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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