Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/65733 
Year of Publication: 
2009
Series/Report no.: 
Cardiff Economics Working Papers No. E2009/1
Publisher: 
Cardiff University, Cardiff Business School, Cardiff
Abstract: 
The EU has pursued protectionist policies not merely in food but also in manufacturing at the customs union level. In services it has not dismantled much of the existing national protectionism. The economic costs are calculated here at some 3% of GDP for the UK and some 4% for the rest of the EU - or much larger under liberal planning assumptions. Added to its social interventionism, these costs suggest that the EU has put political integration before economic efficiency. This policymaking pattern suggests that European elites believe their position would be threatened by the domestic effects of world competition.
Subjects: 
protectionism
manufactures
anti-dumping
tariff equivalent
customs union
competition
JEL: 
F13
F14
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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