Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/58819 
Year of Publication: 
2012
Series/Report no.: 
IZA Discussion Papers No. 6473
Publisher: 
Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), Bonn
Abstract: 
We develop a theory of endogenous political entrenchment in a simple two-party dynamic model of income redistribution with probabilistic voting. A partially self-interested left-wing party may implement (entrenchment) policies reducing the income of its own constituency, the lower class, in order to consolidate its future political power. Such policies increase the net gain that low-skill agents obtain from income redistribution, which only the Left (but not the Right) can credibly commit to provide, and therefore may help offsetting a potential future aggregate ideological shock averse to the left-wing party. We demonstrate that political entrenchment by the Left occurs only if incumbency rents are sufficiently high and that low-skill citizens may vote for this party even though they ratio-ally expect the adoption of these policies. We also discuss the case where the left-wing party may have the incentive to ex-ante commit to not pursue entrenchment policies once in power. Finally, we show that, in a more general framework, the entrenchment policies can be implemented also by the right-wing party. The comparative statics analyzes the effects of state capacity, a positive bias of voters for one party and income inequality on the incentives of the incumbent party to pursue entrenchment policies. The importance of our theory for constitutionally legislated term limits is also discussed. The theory sheds light on why left-wing parties or politicians often support liberal immigration policies of unskilled workers, are sometime in favor of free trade with less developed economies and of globalization more generally, or fail to reform plainly dysfunctional public educational systems damaging the lower classes.
Subjects: 
political entrenchment
constituencies
inequality
inefficient redistribution
checks and balances
political rents
state fiscal capacity
JEL: 
D72
P16
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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