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| Title: | | A farewell to critical junctures : sorting out long-run causality of income and democracy  |
| Authors: | | Gundlach, Erich Paldam, Martin |
| Issue Date: | | 2008 |
| Citation: | | [Series:] Working paper [Editor:] Institut for Økonomi, Århus [No.:] 2008,4 |
| Series/Report no.: | | Working paper, Institut for Økonomi, Århus 2008,4 |
| Abstract: | | We consider the empirical relevance of two opposing hypotheses on the causality between income and democracy: The Democratic Transition claims that rising incomes cause a transition to democracy, whereas the Critical Junctures hypothesis denies this causal relation. Our empirical strategy is justified by Unified Growth Theory, which hypothesizes that the present international income differences have roots in the prehistoric past. Thus, we use prehistoric measures of biogeography as instruments for modern income levels, and find a large long-run causal effect of income on the degree of democracy. This result rejects the Critical Junctures hypothesis, which is an important part of the Primacy of Institutions view. |
| Subjects: | | Long-run growth democracy unified growth theory biogeography |
| JEL: | | B25 O1 |
| Document Type: | | Working Paper |
| Appears in Collections: | | Publikationen von Forscherinnen und Forschern des IfW Economists Online
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