Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/35178 
Year of Publication: 
2008
Series/Report no.: 
IZA Discussion Papers No. 3702
Publisher: 
Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), Bonn
Abstract: 
Several empirical studies have challenged tournament theory by pointing out that (1) there is considerable pay variation within hierarchy levels, (2) promotion premiums only in part explain hierarchical wage differences and (3) external recruitment is observable on nearly any hierarchy level. We explain these empirical puzzles by combining job-promotion tournaments with higher-level bonus payments in a two-tier hierarchy. Moreover, we show that under certain conditions the firm implements first-best effort on tier 2 although workers earn strictly positive rents. The reason is that the firm can use second-tier rents for creating incentives on tier 1. If workers are heterogeneous, the firm strictly improves the selection quality of a job-promotion tournament by employing a hybrid incentive scheme that includes bonus payments.
Subjects: 
Bonuses
external recruitment
job promotion
limited liability
tournaments
JEL: 
D82
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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