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Economics: The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal - Journal Articles >
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| Title: | | Shadow economies and corruption all over the world: revised estimates for 120 countries  |
| Authors: | | Schneider, Friedrich G. Buehn, Andreas |
| Issue Date: | | 2007 |
| Citation: | | [Journal:] Economics: The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal [Volume:] 1 [Issue:] 2007-9 (Version 2) [Pages:] 1-53 [DOI/URN:] doi:10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2007-9 |
| Series/Report no.: | | Economics 2007-9 [rev.] |
| Abstract: | | Estimations of the shadow economies for 120 countries, including developing, Eastern Europe and Central Asian and high income OECD countries over 1999 to 2006 are presented. The average size of the shadow economy (as a percent of "official" GDP) in 2004/05 in 76 developing countries is 35.5%, in 19 Eastern and Central Asian countries 36.7% and in 25 high income OECD countries 15.5%. An increased burden of taxation and social security contributions, combined with labour market regulations are the driving forces of the shadow economy. Furthermore, the results show that the shadow economy reduces corruption in high income countries, but increases corruption in low income countries. Finally, the various estimation methods are discussed and critically evaluated. |
| Subjects: | | Shadow economy of 120 countries tax burden tax moral quality of state institutions regulation MIMIC and other estimation methods |
| JEL: | | O17 O5 D78 H2 H11 H26 |
| URL of the first edition: | | http://www.economics-ejournal.org/economics/journalarticles/2007-9 |
| Creative Commons License: | |  |
| Document Type: | | Article |
| Appears in Collections: | | Economics: The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal - Journal Articles
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