Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/20553 
Year of Publication: 
2004
Series/Report no.: 
IZA Discussion Papers No. 1287
Publisher: 
Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), Bonn
Abstract: 
We use the PISA student-level achievement database to estimate international education production functions. Student characteristics, family backgrounds, home inputs, resources, teachers and institutions are all significantly related to math, science and reading achievement. Our models account for more than 85% of the between-country performance variation, with roughly 25% accruing to institutional variation. Student performance is higher with external exams and budget formulation, but also with school autonomy in textbook choice, hiring teachers and within-school budget allocations. School autonomy is more beneficial in systems with external exit exams. Students perform better in privately operated schools, but private funding is not decisive.
Subjects: 
education production function
PISA
international variation in student performance
institutional effects in schooling
JEL: 
J24
I28
L33
H52
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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