Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/17932 
Year of Publication: 
2007
Series/Report no.: 
Economics Discussion Papers No. 2007-9
Publisher: 
Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW), Kiel
Abstract: 
Estimations of the shadow economies for 145 countries, including developing, transition and highly developed OECD economies over 1999 to 2003 are presented. The average size of the shadow economy (as a percent of "official" GDP) in 2002/03 in 96 developing countries is 38.7%, in 28 transition countries 40.1% and in 21 OECD countries 16.3%. An increased burden of taxation and social security contributions, combined with a labour market regulation are the driving forces of the shadow economy. Furthermore, the results show that the shadow economy reduces corruption in high income countries, but increases corruption in low income countries. Finally, the various estimation methods are discussed and critically evaluated.
Subjects: 
shadow economy of 145 countries
tax burden
tax moral
quality of state institutions
regulation
DYMIMIC and other estimation methods
JEL: 
O17
O5
H2
H11
D78
H26
Creative Commons License: 
cc-by-nc Logo
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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